Essay about Interpreting American Progressivism - 2954 Words

Interpreting American Progressivism The period referred to as the Progressive Era in American history is one which historians often disagree over, and as in all areas of history, there are many theories surrounding the era which sometimes contradict each other. Historians are always aware of prominent theories within the field, and they often participate in an ongoing dialogue concerning their research. One of the first historians to make a major mark regarding the Progressive Era was Richard Hofstadter in his book The Age of Reform, published in 1955. Other prominent works include Peter G. Filene’s â€Å"Obituary for the Progressive Movement† , published in 1970, Richard L. McCormick’s â€Å"The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics† ,†¦show more content†¦Hofstadter argues that during the Progressive Movement, these reformers wanted to restore and ensure equality and democracy against the new economic order. Many of their leaders were fairly wealthy men themselves, but th ey â€Å"distinguished†¦between ‘responsible’ and ‘irresponsible’ wealth†, condemning industrialists, the leaders of political machines, and monopolies, claiming that their rapid growth was unethical. They instead wished to â€Å"restore popular government as they imagined it to have existed in an earlier and purer age†, persistently emphasizing individualism. Though they knew they had to establish organization to a point in order to achieve their goals, they were at the same time trying â€Å"to retain the scheme of individualistic values that this organization was destroying.† Hofstadter also points out that they saw the increasing numbers of politico-business relationships as dangerous and corruptive, and felt as if the so-called â€Å"public interest† of citizens was being overlooked and ignored for the private interests of those men who ran these powerful corporations. However, though they were â€Å"‘libe ral’ in the classic sense†, Hofstadter argues that Progressives were actually conservative in their political beliefsShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln s Lyceum Speech822 Words   |  4 Pages In Abraham Lincoln’s Lyceum speech given in 1838, he instructs the audience how perpetuate our political institutions. How do we keep our country united? â€Å"The answer is simple. Let every American, every lover of liberty†¦swear by the blood of the Revolution, never to violate in the least particular, the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their violation by others.† But what about bad or unjust laws? â€Å"[I]f they exist, [they]should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they continueRead More15Th. I Know I Am Also Placing WomenS And African-American’S1695 Words   |  7 Pages 15th I know I am also placing Women s and African-American’s rights to vote lower than others might, but again that because how i m interpreting the 14th amendment. I am also placing the 19th and 15th amendment next to each other, but they aren’t in any paramount assortment, just more of together, but I will be addressing each independently. The reason I do find this amendment necessary as much as I do like throwing in the 14th, is because racism did exist. Sure non-whites could claim they areRead MoreSixteen Most Significant Events in U.S. History between 1789 to 19756920 Words   |  28 Pagesof the sixteen events, the Civil War had the most significant impact on the history of the time period in which it occurred and remains the most significant event in American history. The discussion begins with bracket I covering the period from 1789-1850, and pairs the number one seed in the bracket Mexican-American War against the fourth seed Louisiana Purchase. The second seed in the bracket Marbury v Madison is paired against the third seed Monroe Doctrine. The purchase

Essay on The Manliest Man in The Taming of the Shrew

In the play The Taming of the Shrew, men do quite absurd things to get what they desire. Petruchio, Lucentio, Hortensio, and Gremio all derive schemes to win the heart of the woman they choose. Throughout the play many characters create alternate personas to woo the one they love. However, one man, Petruchio, prefers to pursue his soon to be wife ingenuously. All of the ideas the men concoct are in hopes that Bianca or Kate might fall in love with them, whether or not they do fall in love is due to how well their suitors perform their acts of love. Lucentio is a suitor to Bianca. In the beginning of the play, Lucenito is portrayed as the clichà © â€Å"love at first sight† type of person. He must do everything in his power to get Bianca to wed†¦show more content†¦Another suitor of Bianca is Gremio. Gremio is an old, wealthy man who wishes to pursue a life with Bianca. Gremio is one of the few suitors who does not disguise himself in order to woo her. Instead Gremio hires a Latin tutor for Bianca, which ironically is Lucentio or ‘Cambio’. Gremio turns out to be the most foolish of the suitors in the play. He not only lost the race in which to win over Bianca, but he helped another suitor steal her heart. Although Gremio was not successful with Bianca he and Hortensio came up with a plan to get closer to her. Their plan was to find a suitor for Kate, so Bianca was free to wed. Unfortunately that was Gremio’s only accomplishment in the novel. He ended up helping two couples get married. Gremio is also at a constant battle with Tranio which shows his impatience and confidence that he will have Bianca for his wife. â€Å"Youngling, thou canst not love so dear as I. Greybeard, thy love doth freeze. But thine doth fry. Skipper, stand back: ‘tis age that nourisheth.†(2:1:330-331) It seems that Gremio is truly in love with Bianca because he never stops fighting for her. Gremio was not the manliest when it came to achiev ing happiness with women. He was foolish, but dedicated. The final suitor of Bianca is Hortensio. He was also unsuccessful in winning Bianca’s love. His main plan was to team up with Gremio and find a suitor for Kate so Bianca was free to wed. Otherwise, Hortensio did not stand a chance. He also tried to disguise himself

Circle The Correct Answers free essay sample

As the people grew in numbers, they turned to the sea for a living and came daring and skilful sailors. Perhaps they learnt from the Egyptians how to build ships, and how to steer by the stars. They served the Egyptians for hundreds Of year, carrying their goods all over the eastern Mediterranean. Then about 1300 B. C. , when the power of the Pharaohs was passing away, they won their freedom. Soon they became the most important merchant people of the ancient world. Phoenicia never became a united country under a single ruler, but remained a string of City States, each with its king.The wealthiest were Tare, Sides, Bibles (now Gabble), Cocoa (Acre) indurate, where archaeologists have been digging since 1929. Hiram, king of Tare, was one of the most powerful Phoenician kings. He was a friend of King Solomon, and supplied him with materials and workmen to build the Temple at Jerusalem. 1. Syria is situated A. In northern Arabia B. In Asia minor C. Between Arabia and Asia Minor D. Between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea In line 4, this refers to 2. A. The Syrian coast The Arabian coast The Asia Minor coast C. D. The Mediterranean coast 3. The Phoenicians were The original inhabitants of Syria The same race as the Hebrews C. Inland people People from outside Syria who had mixed with the natives of Syria. 4. The Phoenicians became a sea-faring people because fishing to agriculture B. Of limited land for agriculture . A. They preferred 8. C. Of the increase in their size of their population D. Both (b) and (c) 5. The phrase grew in numbers in line 9 can be replaced by increased B. Became strong C. Are numerous D. Expanded 6. The Phoenicians won their independence in 1300 B.C. From The merchant people The Egyptians King Hiram of Tare King Solomon 7. The word native in line 6 means Ancient Original Weaker Hebrew King Hiram Made Phoenicia a united country Ruled Tare, Sides, Bibles, Cocoa and Grit Was forced to help King Solomon build the Temple at Jerusalem D. Was a powerful king from Tare 9. The phrase merchant people line 15 can be replaced by Traders B. Egyptians C. Sailors D. Freedom-fighters 10. In the 20th century the city states of Phoenicia are important as A. Trading centers B. Archaeological sites C. Religious centers D. Tourist resorts Gorillas King amongst the man-like apes is the gorilla. This magnificent beast is the biggest of the monkeys. An old male may be up to six feet high when he stands upright, and a specimen of this size would weigh at least four underweight. When he stretched his arm wide apart he would span nine feet from finger-tip to finger-tip. The gorilla has a black face, and most of his hair is black; his eyes are small, and his ears are also small, hairless and pressed close to the sides of his head, like the ears or a man. Above his eyes his brow forms a ridge, which gives him a fierce expression.Gorillas are found in the tropical forests of West Africa. They live in family parties, consisting of one male with a number of wives and children. During the day they wander through the forest, feeding on fruit and vegetables, and at night he females and their young climb trees, where they sleep on platforms that they, make out of branches. The male sleeps at the foot of the tree, to protect his family. There are many stories about the fierceness of the gorilla, but they are not true. The gorilla is a harmless animal unless he is attacked, though he will sometimes steal a native farmers crops. . The word beast in line 2 refers to 3. 4. The apes The gorilla The monkeys animals The word upright in line 3 means Erect Ata standstill Stiffly Walking A gorilla weighs Four hundredweight at least More than four hundredweight Rarely four hundredweight At least four hundredweight when fully grown Which of the following feature when fully grown Its black face and hair Its small eyes and ears The fact that it measures nine feet from finger-tip to finger-tip D. Its ridged brow 5. The word expression in line 9 can be replaced by Impression 6. 7.Appearance Gesture Voice A family group of gorilla consists of One male, many females and children Many males, few females and children Females and children One female, many males and children Are nomadic Seldom move from place to place Always stay in one area Spend most of their lives on tree-tops Which is most important part played by the male gorilla? A. Finds the way B. Finds fruit and vegetables for his family C. Protects his family D. Makes platforms out of branches for his wives and children to sleep on 9. The word that is closest in meaning to harmless in line 17 is nonaggression B.Cowardly C. Innocent D. Safe 10. Which of the statements below is true? A. Gorilla are fierce-looking animals B. Many stories that are told proved the fierceness of gorillas C. Gorillas are in the habit of attacking men D. Gorillas are fierce because they steal the farmers crops Section A After eight hours at the wheel of the huge army lorry, the soldier was beginning to feel the strain. He knew how east it was for men who drive long distance to fall asleep white driving and he was anxious to reach his destination, a small town called Bridgewater, which was still some forty miles distant.The country road stretched away endlessly before him and time seemed to pass so slowly that the solider could hardly believe his eyes when, towards the end of the afternoon, ho approached the outskirts of the town. The lorry labored up a very steep hill and the soldier felt relieved and happy o see Bridgewater itself spreading out in front of him. He settled back comfortably in his seat as the lorry moved down the hill at a leisurely speed. Then, for some unaccountable reason, the lorry began to move very quickly. The soldier gently depressed the brake but this had no effect.He pressed it harder than ever, only to realize, to his horror, that the brakes were out of order! In a second, his sleepiness left him. The soldier gripped the wheel tightly as the lorry headed Wildly towards the town. He knew that if he tried to crash into the trees at the roadside, he would be running the risk of being ailed instantly, and he held on. Almost out of control now, the lorry swerved from side, narrowly missing telegraph-poles and trees. Houses appeared on either side of the road, and in an unbelievably short time, the lorry was hurtling through the centre of the town itself.People scattered to left and right as the lorry plunged through the High Street, its horn blaring loudly. The soldier steered the vehicle with such skill, that he just managed to pass cars that were coming in the opposite direction. A grocers boy on a bicycle appeared from a side-street and the soldier nearly hit a bus in his effort to avoid him. A few terrifying minutes passed before the man observed a hill just ahead. As the lorry went towards it, it began to slow down and the soldier brought it to a standstill at the road. He got out badly shaken, but safe at last. . Which title best suits the passage?A narrow escape M a moment of terror Accidents A skilful driver When did the soldier begin to feel the strain? He felt it after driving the whole morning He felt it when he was beginning to get bored He felt it after driving for eight hours He felt it when he was how far he had to go Why was the soldier anxious to reach his destination? He had not been home for a long time He was beginning to feel sleepy and tired The country road seemed to stretch away endlessly He did not like to drive long distance When did he realize that the brakes of the lorry were out of odder? A. He realized it when he wanted to change gear.B. He realized it when he wanted to slow down at the junction C. He realized it when the lorry began to move very quickly D. He realized it when he heard an unusual sound 5. Why did the writer say that the soldier could hardly believe his eyes when he approached the outskirts of the town? A. It was because the journey seemed to come to an end all off sudden B. It was because the scene had changed It was because the place seemed deserted It was because the road had been straightened To drive at a leisurely speed means To drive very slowly TO drive recklessly To drive at a moderate speed To drive as one wishes 7.Why did the lorry swerve from side to side? The soldier drove it carelessly The road was too winding One of the tires had a puncture The lorry was out of control Why did the soldier decide against driving the lorry into the trees at the side of the road? A. He did not wish to ruin the trees B. The trees were planted by the municipality and he would be fined C. He might be killed D. Some children were playing under the trees 9. Why did he blare his horn loudly while driving through the town? A. He wanted to attract attention B. He wanted to warn motorist and pedestrian about the lorry which was out of control C.He liked and enjoyed making a loud noise D. He wanted everyone to give way to him so that he might reach home faster 10. To a standstill means A. To stand very still B. To stand by the roadside C. To stop entirely D. To stand in silence Section B The animal population in African is decreasing, and many species of animals are facing extinction. The elephants, lions, rhinoceros, giraffe and many other animals are fast disappearing and may never be seen again. Something must be done to save these wonderful gifts of Nature and prompt action is essential. One of the chief reasons is illegal hunting and poaching.The African natives have been responsible for destroying nearly a million animals in a year. These animals are killed not for food but for their hide, tusk and horn which always find a ready market. That these animals are not killed for their meat is shown by the fact that thousands of animal carcasses are left to rot in the scorching equatorial plains, providing food only hungry vultures. The methods employed by the native poachers to catch the animals are cruel for they kill the animals so slowly that victims can remain in agony for several days. Many of these poachers are seldom brought to book.It is very difficult to track down a poacher and the tedious man hunt may continue for several days. When a poacher is aware that he is being followed he puts up false tracks to mislead his pursuer. One of the best ways to prevent poaching and to preserve the lives of these animals is to set up a large animal reserve where the animals are free to am and where they can be better protected from poachers. The African animals must be preserved at all cost otherwise there will be nothing left for posterity. 1. Give one important reason why the African animals are facing extinction A. The land is dry and arid B.There are too many animals within a small area C. The native poachers kill them for their hide, tusks and horns D. The animals are constantly plagued by diseases 2. What proof is there to show that the animals are not killed for their meat? A. Thousands of carcasses are left on the plains for the vultures B. The natives do not like the meat of the lions or elephants C. The meat of these animals cannot be sold D. The native keep these animals as pets 3. Why is it very difficult to arrest a poacher? A. This area is covered with thick jungle B. The poacher lives in the mountain C. The villagers help to hide him D.The poacher puts up false tracks to mislead his pursuers, besides, the area is large one and the hunt may take several days without success 4. Replace the expression prompt action is essential with beat . A Must do ones 5. Must hurry without delay Immediate action is very necessary It is necessary to be punctual In what way can the animals be preserved for posterity? They can be preserved in the museum They can be bought as pets They can be exported to other countries The government can set up a large animal reserve where no one can hunt or poach, and where animals are free to roam 6. Victims can remain in agony for several days means . A. The animals return to their dens to die when they are shot B. The suffering animals die when they are trapped C. The animals that are trapped do not die at once but suffer terribly for many days before they die D. The remains of the carcass are left on the ground 7. he puts up false tracks to mislead his pursuers means ay brush away his footprints or other signs of his presence so that those trying to arrest him may think he has gone another way, thus making trying to arrest him may think he has gone another way, thus making it very difficult to find him B.He disguises himself so that the police may not recognize him C. He uses different tires so that the prints will confuse his pursuers D. He uses differentiations paths so that his pursuers chase him in circles 8. Why does the writer say that the man hunt is a tedious one? A It is a very tiring job B. It requires a party of hunters C. The hunters have to climb mountains and ford rivers D. It is a dull, uninteresting job and may take days to complete it 9. Why does the writer think that animals must be left for posterity? A. He is a lover of animals B. He think that every country must have a zoo C.He thinks that man has no right to kill animals D. He says that animals are wonderful gifts of Nature and every one living in the future has a right to know what animals are like and to enjoy them ID. The African animals must be preserved at all cost means are very costly to feed . A. They B. They require a great deal of care C. NO matter how difficult, how costly, how inconvenient, the animals must not be killed D. Even if they are dangerous Elizabethan day started at 5. 30 a. M. , when she would go to the wards, visit the group of patients assigned to her and wash them before Mme Charier came round at 6. 15.As soon as this was over, there would be a quick dash back to the dormitory for bed-making. Breakfast consisted of a mug of coffee and bread. The coffee had to be purchased from the superintendent, Mme Blocked, and the bread was the remains of a large loaf which was doled out to each girl at noon and had to last twenty-four hours. There were two main meals-?one at noon the other in the evening. These, Elizabeth wrote, were eaten to: the music of Mme Blockers voice, which keeps up a storm the whole After their rather scanty breakfast, the students were back on the wards for the doctors rounds at eight o clock. Elizabeth thought the chief physician a pompous little man, but she found Dry Dubos, the consultant who came to give lectures later in the morning, an excellent teacher. He turned out to be the leading medical man who had helped to bar her from attending the lectures for which she had applied when she first arrived in Paris. But now, when came to know Elizabethan quality as a serious student, his admiration and respect were aroused. He begged her to extend her time of training at the Maternity Hospital from the three months she had in mind to a year.He assured her that, at the end of that time, she would be the best qualified doctor in practical maternity work anywhere in the world. At that time no one knew what caused wounds to suppurate and why many of the mothers who came to hospital to have their babies died of childbirth fever. This fever was caused by an infection, which often developed into blood poisoning; it spread because of lack of hygiene in wards and among attendants. That there were rather fewer deaths from this cause in theMaternity Hospital than elsewhere was probably due to the insistence on a good standard of cleanliness, though no one, of course, dreamed of the necessity of sterilizing instruments or linen. 1 . Elizabethan day started at 5. 30 a. M. means . A Elizabeth got out of bed at 5. 30 a. M. Elizabeth began her work at 5. 30 a. M. Elizabeth ate her breakfast at 5. 30 a. M. They day dawned at 5. 30 a. M. At what time did the students eat their breakfast? A. At 8. 00 a. M. At 6. 15 a. M. C. At 5. 30 a. M. Between 6. 30 a. M. And 8. 00 a. M. Choose the correct Statement. The students had a rich breakfast every morning The students had coffee and bread for breakfast The students had only coffee for breakfast The students had a large loaf of bread for breakfast The students ate their meals to the music of Mme Blockers voice, which keeps up a storm the whole . It means . A. Mme Blocked sang while the students were eating their meals B. Music was played by Mme Blocked while the students were eating C. Mme Blocked was shouting or scolding someone all the time D. A storm was raging all the time 5.Who had helped to bar Elizabeth from attending the lectures she had applied for? A. The chief physician B. Dry Dubos C. Mme Blocked D. Mme Charier 6. Dry Dubos begged Elizabeth to extend her time of training at the Maternity Hospital because he . A. Liked her B. Noticed that she was a serious student and wanted to help to train her C. Disliked her and wanted to keep her longer at the hospital as a punishment D. Thought Elizabeth Was a slow student who needed more time to learn 7. How long did Elizabeth intend to stay at the maternity Hospital? A. Three months 9. Six months Nine months One year Suppurate means Form pus Become painful Become red Become well Many of the mothers who came to hospital to have their babies died Of childbirth fever because . A. The doctors were not fully capable B. The whole hospital was unhygienic C. The food in the hospital was poor D. Blood poisoning was a common disease 10. At the Maternity Hospital; there were fewer deaths from childbirth fever than elsewhere. Why? A. The instruments and linen were Sterilized B. The hospital insisted on cleanliness C. The doctors and nurses were more efficient D.They had better drugs Mount Everest, which is 29028 feet above the sea-level, is the highest mountain in the world. Airmen had flown over it and taken fine photographs, UT it was not until the summer of 1953 that the top was reached on foot. Nearly thirty years earlier, on June 8th, 1 924, two Englishmen, Mallory and Irvine, were seen by a friend below them to be only about 800 feet from the top, and they were still going forward and upward. But they never returned. Whether they lost their lives on the way up, or, after success, on the way down, none can tell. Now there is little hope that we shall ever know.

SEO Optimization Essay Sample free essay sample

I was researching the SEO ( Web Optimization ) and I found some good things that I wanted to portion with you. Keywords The first thing is some keywords that you can utilize for tickets to heighten people happening your web site. I used a plan that goes into your web site and so looks around and gives you a list of keywords for your web site. * Free Firearms Training* NRA Firearms Training* Tactical Firearms Training* Firearms Instructor Training* Law Enforcement Firearms Training* Tactical Weapons Training* Firearms Training Video* Front Sight Firearms Training Institute* Firearm Gross saless Sites* Firearms Gross saless Statisticss * Used Firearms Sale* Ruger Firearms Sale* Online Firearms Gross saless* Private Firearms Gross saless* Tactical Firearms Sale* Whole Sale Firearms* 7. 62X39 Ammo Cheap* 223 Ammo Cheap * Discount Ammo Free Transporting* Discount Surplus Ammo* Very Cheap Ammunition* Military Surplus Ammo* Surplus Ammo* Discount Ammunition Meta TagsI was able to happen a web site that will make META TAGS. We will write a custom essay sample on SEO Optimization Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Meta Tags are what people don’t needfully see but they are a manner to assist people know what they are looking at. You can see META Tags by traveling onto your site and right clicking and stating position beginning. They should be located about 10 lines from the top. I made a unsmooth transcript utilizing information that I got form your site. You can alter and redact things as you wish. I included quotation marks next to each of the Meta tickets explicating what they do. If you were to utilize this exact thing merely cancel the ruddy text. AutomatonsPresently you have 2 automatons on your web site. Noodp A ; Noydir. Let’s start with what a automaton is. A automaton is fundamentally a bid that tells hunt engines how to expose your information. Right now you merely have Yahoo and Google automatons. The Noodp automaton is the automaton used for exposing information on Google. On the other manus. the Noydir is used for exposing on yokel. If you of all time bury which is which I guess you could merely look as the center of the name. Noydir has a Y in the center therefore is goes to yahoo and the noodp has 2 o’s ergo it goes with Google. Link BuildingI really merely found this and thought it was reasonably of import to add. Link edifice is when you use a sure beginning such as the newspaper and you advertise your web site at that place. The more people that know your site outside of the cyberspace. it will convey them to happen your site online and so by happening your site online it will hold your hunt engine ranking travel up because of a higher demand of people happening your site. I was able to happen out that reddotarms. com can be found on 30 web sites including: the day-to-day trumpeters community subdivision. yip. mojopages. and of class your facebook page. besides at that place many others. This is merely something that I threw together tonight from some research that I did on SEO. If you want me to come by and demo you the material that I learned merely give me a call or direct me a text. Besides earlier you asked me if I had any thoughts for the site and I don’t think you got my answer to that electronic mail. If you want my sentiments merely inquire. I’m free reasonably much most of the twenty-four hours this hebdomad and I know that you said you are closed tomorrow and Friday so on Saturday if you want me to come down I can demo you stuff.

Isolation and Loneliness free essay sample

In The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz, isolation is a common theme that contributes to character development throughout the novel. Junot Diaz, in his narration of Oscar’s life through the eyes of Yunior, induces the idea that isolation is a self-imagined way for a character or person to justify his/her differences from society and the people around them. While there are outside forces that contribute to the feeling of isolation, such as cultural differences, immigration, and gender stereotypes and expectations; in the end, Diaz firmly believes that a person’s feeling of isolation is a crutch to reason why he/she does not fit in. Diaz believes that the feeling of isolation is a self-imagined feeling that helps a person justify why he/she is an outcast in society. In the novel, the theme of isolation is common throughout all the main characters; Oscar, Lola, and Beli. We will write a custom essay sample on Isolation and Loneliness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To start with, Oscar begins as a typical Dominican male. As a child, Oscar was considered â€Å"a Casanova† who was â€Å"a ‘normal’ Dominican boy raised in a ‘typical’ Dominican family† (11). Oscar eventually grows â€Å"fatter and fatter,† develops â€Å"zits,† and gets â€Å"self-conscious† because his â€Å"interest in â€Å"Genres bec[o]me[s] synonymous with being a loser † (16, 17). Because Oscar suddenly turns into an outcast, he blames his dorkiness and homely appearance for his lack of acceptance by the outside world. What Diaz underlines, though, is that Oscar has control over his life, but isolates himself by letting everyone elses opinions and judgements affect his actions and opinions of himself. Next, Lola believes she is isolated in that her mother has certain expectations of her to be the perfect Dominican daughter. Lola blames her mother for â€Å"mak[ing] [Lola] doubt [herself]† and believes that Beli is the reason Lola feels so isolated (56). However, Diaz claims that Lola’s feeling of isolation comes from within her. Lola claims that because of her mother’s actions and behavior, she feels the need for â€Å"change† and has a â€Å"wildness† within her (58). In fact, it is Lola’s need for change that drives her to be isolated, not Beli’s actions. Beli also self-imagines her isolation in society. She uses the fact that she started as late bloomer but eventually turned into a beautiful women to isolate herself from the people around her. Also, like Lola, Beli has a burning desire to escape from the clutches of the Dominican Republic and from the stereotypes that come with being a woman living in the DR. Beli blames people around her, like the Gangster and Trujillo, for her feelings of isolation and loneliness, when in fact her feelings are strictly in her head. However, outside forces definitely do fuel characters’ feelings of isolation and loneliness, such as cultural differences, immigration, and gender stereotypes and expectations. First, cultural differences contribute to Lola’s and Oscar’s feelings of isolation. Next, immigration contributes to Lola’s, Oscar’s, and Yunior’s feelings of isolation. Lastly, gender stereotypes and expectations contribute to Lola’s, Oscar’s, Yunior’s, and Beli’s feelings of isolation. While outside forces absolutely contribute to characters’ feelings of isolation and loneliness, Diaz, through Yunior’s narration, highlights that isolation is a self-imagined feeling as a way to reason why one does not fit into society and may be dubbed as an outsider or an outcast.

Code of hammurabi.

Code of hammurabi. Although Hammurabi was probably strong enough to maintain rule through the might of the sword, he provided a set of laws bringing justice and stability to a chaotic and violent region. His laws had the following sections: the prologue, the administration of justice, property, irrigation, loans and interest, regulation of trade, debt slavery, marriage and the family, adoption, personal injury and manslaughter, physician's fees and malpractice, building regulations, wage regulations, and an epilogue. Each line within each section covers something important to the operations of Babylonian society. Although some of Hammurabi's ideas appear harsh, they probably brought stability to this society. The alternative was chaos and war.The most important section of this code is probably the prologue. It shows that these laws do not come from one man. Hammurabi makes it clear that he is the king and wants order and stability in the land. Disobeying the laws means not only violating the wishes of the king, but also angering the gods.An inscription of the Code of Hammurabi.The threat of death appears frequently in these sections. False witness, fraud, and robbery are all ways in which could result in execution of the offender. The simple act of allowing unwanted people to stand within the seller's establishment could prove fatal. However, it is not easy to bring order to a world that has seen little of it ever.Babylon had been settled for centuries, giving its residents time to become concerned over property. Not only is there a specific section devoted to property, but also these concerns appear throughout the code. Property is a major factor in marriages, and concern must be placed on who owns what, especially when the husband pays attention to women other than his wife. The wife has a dowry and sometimes children. The concubine may also produce children competing...

Business Communication Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Communication Writing - Assignment Example It is of the essence for one to record whichever thoughts we have on these steps such that by the time you start working on the writing, you would not have forgotten your thoughts on these steps. It might look like cutting out some steps to make one of them actually more efficient and saving time. However, contrary to this belief, the first few steps are the most crucial since they give a writer a clear frame of mind of what you are about to say. Â  Planning messages saves time and improves efficiency, though some writers argue that it is all a waste of time since the plans are inevitably changed. Your answer to this argument is indeed correct since first and foremost planning helps the writer to know what to say in the write-up. Secondly, planning makes the actual writing of any paper much faster and easier since one can better allow the time to take for each step of the writing process. Lastly, through planning, the time saved in writing can be used to complete the documents by revising or proofreading.

A fence should not be built on the U.S. – Mexican Border

The U.S. should build a wall between itself and Mexico, topped with razor wire. This is about toughening immigration laws and the strict enforcement of laws already widely discussed.The building is a two thousand-mile-long fence would cost about 680 (m) million dollars, and it would slow border crossings. It is for the idea of candidates running for president to have clear and aggressive plans for dealing with immigration.It also gives the idea of doing something that might actually work to stop illegal aliens from flooding into the United States is actually drawing great interest. It won't go away. Illegal immigration is not just impacting the Border States. Illegal aliens are showing up everywhere. Constitutionally it is a Federal responsibility to protect the 50 states from invasion and as a practical matter it is impacting all of us.Background:â€Å"For those people who do not live in the U.S. of America or have not heard about it, U.S.A. government has decided to construct a wa ll along the border of Mexico to attempt to keep out illegal and MS13 clan members. The MS13 is a dangerous clan that specializes in smuggling drugs and people across borders and has made their way from Columbia to Northern Mexico and intend to get into The U.S. of America.Also, there have been reports of the AL Qaida attempting to get the MS13 to smuggle THEMSELVES into the U.S. of A. so they can continue their reign of terror. The Mexican government feels that it is unnecessary that there is building a wall and have started comparing President Bush to Hitler because of the Berlin wall.Personally think that the wall should be built to protect American from the MS13 and to control the amount of illegally migrating to the U.S. of America (â€Å"All to Protect the Innocent†.Tue January 24 2006 20:02. http://forums.ubi.com)†.Immigrant or a refugee rights groups across the country are now moving in the direction of putting immigration in the context of a global economy, glo balization, and people on the move escaping poverty, hunger, civil war, and persecution. NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) kicked off that trend.When it was testified at the NAFTA hearings that Mexican and Aliens complained of why they weren’t including immigration in the context of a financial free trade agreement. Why were they focusing on the free movement of merchandise but not on the free movement of people? Basically it's a labor issue.California has always been impacted tremendously by immigration, not just by people from Mexico. It’s now estimated even by the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) that there are at least five million immigrants in the U.S. who are undocumented. California usually comes in with at least half of those immigrants, not only because of its juxtaposition to Baja California, but also it's a place where people can blend into cities like L.A. and San Francisco. There's about nine million in these cities and about a t hird are immigrants and refugees.It is important that it begins addressing immigration within the context of a global economy. Globalization affects the United States because investments in other countries have impacts such as people leaving that country, the displacement of jobs, jobs moving in and out of a country.Primarily focuses on human rights and nowhere is human rights more impacted than on the U.S.-Mexico border. These have really been a hateful time for Americans especially with the shooting incident by the military.Right after that, other military operations were exposed, including here inCalifornia where National Guard troops have been out in camouflage, hiding in the brush on the pretext of looking for drugs and immigrants. In addition, there has been introduced legislation in the House to send 10,000 military troops in to California.This is in addition to 5,000 Border Patrol agents approved by Congress. That's going to interrupt a lot of movement. It could eventually i nterfere with free trade because how long will Mexico put up with this confrontation by the military on the border.Going back to history, the U.S. contracted with Mexicans to come to work here in the '30s and '40s and '50s. Then the xenophobia started, the scapegoat, and you had massive raids and deportations of hundreds of thousands of Mexicans. U.S. citizens and legal residents as well as undocumented were all sent to Mexico in the '30s and '40s and '50s.During '50s, operation wetback, and even though I'm a fifth generation U.S. citizen, right on these streets around here I used to be stopped on the way home from school, or visiting my girlfriend, or going downtown. The police used to smack me up against the wall and call the Border Patrol. They get used to do in at least every other week. They used to take out of jobs, after school jobs, in restaurants, hotels by among Mexicans

Various Hazards in the Various Industries Assignment

Various Hazards in the Various Industries - Assignment Example It is important to highlight that this paper or assignment delves into the discussion of the various hazards to the various industries. It is again worth noting that the paper presents what does not happen in real life but are rather hypothetical. In the paper, the following sectors of economic development have been selected for the presentation. The construction industry, manufacturing, transportation, and the mining industries were the chosen industries in question. The hazards range from environmental to human (Steve, 2004). In the construction industry, there are various hazards that the people who work there could possibly fall victims of. A good example is a case where the construction materials fall on the worker probably because there was an earthquake, collision from a machine or any other form of vibrating machine. These can cause some danger to the people and any other form of life in the surrounding (Steve, 2004). In the manufacturing industry, the hazards that can possibly be associated with the industry are the cases where the manufacturers at some point can decide to introduce a harmful substance into the products that they manufacture. These could be quite hazardous to the life of the consumers of the products affected by these kinds of acts (Steve, 2004). Another industry that can as well affected by the hazards is the transport industry. Under this, the hazards can arise when there are mechanical breakdowns in the various media of transport and even the poor modes of transportation in the areas. Poor weather conditions can also be potential causes of the hazards that are associated with the industry in hand (Steve, 2004). It is also important to note that the mining industry is the most affected. The miners underground can suffocate while they are underneath due to the insufficient air supply as well as the high temperatures.   The land above them similarly is quite dangerous to their lives as it can be triggered due to the isostatic adjustments and the magma movement in the mantle that is a result of the conventional current in the mantle too (Steve, 2004).

The prevention and reform of prostitution in Victorian England Essay

The prevention and reform of prostitution in Victorian England - Essay Example in Burns). Enduring the pains of poverty, these women found themselves incapable of reconciling with Victorian ideals of purity and get into prostitution. For them, earning for a living was more immediate and harsh reality (Cooper 6).However, society and state always put considerable efforts to curb and regulate the practice. The paper discusses different forms of regulations and reforms that were implemented to prevent prostitution in Victorian England. During Victorian age, England experiences economic and social issues which were accompanied by industrialization (Haggard qtd. in Burns).The paternalistic Victorian society was inclined towards wealth accumulation in the form of property and was rigidly divided into classes. Wealth was concentrated in a small upper-class who was ignorant of poverty and poor. Victorians had puritanical conscience when it came to gender and sexuality (Pearson 11). Men and women owned entirely different spheres of society. Public sphere belonged to men while women belonged to private sphere or home(Anderson 13).Those who were outside private spheres were considered public property. According to Rubinstein, absence of factory work, dock and construction workers, sailor population on shore, immigrants and slumming city male experienced women entering into prostitution as profession (11 qtd. in Burns).Economic insecurity compelled even the married women to work as prostitutes during low times of their seasonal works 1(Cooper 30). 1. Major Causes of Prostitution It is often believed that the men who seduced and urged women to get into prostitution were upper-class male and victims (girls) were either very poor or their domestic servants. However, Bartley argues that such ideas of seduction are not more than myth (4).Some stress that men enticed young girls with money and or toys or procured them from brothels by convincing them that they will help in entering the domestic service. Reformers believed that female child between the ages of eleven to fifteen were either kidnapped or lured into prostitution; approximately four hundred men earned their livelihood by doing this. However Bartley doubts any of such causes of prostitution because he asserts they lack evidence, he asserts that most of the girls were convinced by other girls in the trade (4).Drinking is also closely linked with the practice because it lowers the moral values and most women were considered to be drunk when commit it first time. Rescue workers, missionaries, magistrates, policemen, law officials, and reform workers believed that there were complex social, psychological, economic factors are involved, in addition to the idea that prostitutes were the victims of social injustice and male sexual profligacy (Bartley 5).Religious reformers believed in training and reforming girls who repent. They also strengthened the repeal movements (McHugh 187).Numerous evidences; however, confirm poverty and economic reasons as the major contributing factor to prostitution. For instance, a prostitute known as ‘Swindling Sal’ reveals the reason of her coming into prostitut

Corruption and Integrity

Corruption and Integrity Corruption and integrity are two forces contradicting with each other. Corruption are generally rampant on the society where integrity is not valued as it is to be.The society where corruption is reasonably controlled requires that all technical-institutional components like laws, regulations, procedures, surveillance and enforcement, judgment, reward and punishment be in place. This requirement is extremely important, and much attention has rightly been focused on it. Public and private institutions may have share many common corruption challenges. Any large-scale organization or a country that interacts with different kind of people, multiple suppliers and customers must ensure that politicians and / or employees do not take advantage of their entrusted powers and solicit bribes. Codes of conduct and promoting integrity alongside effective customer complaint, whistle blowing and financial tracking systems have been applied successfully in both areas of governance. Myanmar and Iraq are considered top most ranking corrupt nations in the world. Myanmar is located in the eastern part of the Asian continent, in a geographical area rich in natural and mineral resources, which provides significant economic potential. Hundreds of government officials were done on charges of corruption. Since then, this topic has remained highly politicized, limiting the room for third parties to address this issue. It does, however, remain pressing: in November 2004, the non-governmental organization Transparency International published its annual corruption perception index, with Myanmar ranking among the five worst countries surveyed (on 142nd place out of 145). In Iraq corruption is also rampant. Estimated confirms that the official corruption costs Iraq $5-7 billion per year as estimated by one senior Iraqi official. Notable steps have been taken: Iraq has a functioning audit board and inspectors general in the ministries, and senior leaders including the Prime Mi nister have identified rooting out corruption as a national priority. But too many political leaders still pursue their personal, sectarian, or party interests. There are still no examples of senior officials who have been brought before a court of law and convicted on corruption charges (Transparency International, 2008). In contrast, Denmark and Singapore are two of the least corrupt countries in the world according to transparency International. It has a highly developed market-based economy, which historically revolves around extended Centerport trade. Denmark is a country with high morale populations and effective leadrers (Stone Bain, 2008). Singapore has been rated as the most business-friendly economy in the world with thousands of foreign expatriates working in multi-national corporations. Singapore has a successful and transparent market economy (Mirza, 2006). Companies which are government-linked were dominant in the local economys various sectors, such as utilities, media, and public transport. Singapore has been consistently rated as the Asias least corrupt country and one of the worlds ten most free from corruption as reported by Transparency International (Transparency International, 2008). Myanmar and Iraq are considered as developing countries. In the last few years, corruption in the developing countries has come to the forefront of development thinking. Tight fiscal situations at home have made donor countries focus more on the impact of their aid to developing countries, raising concerns among bilateral and multilateral aid agencies over the effect of corruption on economic performance. At the same time, the trend towards democratization has made developing country government subject to a greater scrutiny and accountability from a broader segment of general public. Despite this, there remains a significant degree of ambivalence among many policy makers about the real impact of corruption in the economy. This less-than-enthusiastic response is due in part to the to the so called corruption puzzle. In a number of Asian countries, high rates of growth had been sustained over a long period despite high levels of corruption (Transparency International, 2008). Empirical evidence indicating that corruption impedes growth and investment has begun to emerge, with academics and scholars increasingly devoting more time to study the surrounding issues. These findings parallel to the emerging concerns of politicians and policy makers around the world about the deleterious effects of corruption on economic performance and increasing efforts to try to address the underlying causes. Corrupt actions are often rationalized by those who perform it. Two forms of corruptions that are partly susceptible to such rationalization are noble cause of corruption. In case of Myanmar, corruption induces performing actions for good end. Given the goal motive, this form of corruption is highly susceptible to rationalization. Unfortunately such actions notwithstanding the good motive are tainted. In particular, although the person who performs such actions might believe that he/she is doing what is right; this belief is a mistaken one (Svensson, 2005). The action is morally wrong. In contrast, Iraq is operating in Trans cultural and religious setting which is often finds it easy to rationalize away their engagement in corruption by invoking arguments, such as When in Rome, Do as Romans do. When one is operating in an environment in which one has, so to speak, no moral stake, such arguments can be tempting. This is especially the case if the condition conducive to corruption, fo r example, power imbalances, are in play. Unfortunately, the rationalizations for corruption that arise in transcultural setting do not in fact justify it (Miller et al, 2005). What values are needed to complement the system in Myanmar and Iraq or other corrupt nations? Obviously, a comprehensive answer is outside the scope of this paper. However, a core syndrome needs to be identified and focused on. That syndrome will include rationally decision making that leads to action which is effective in achieving purposes which it is intended to achieve. Important decisions of dubious rationality, or neglect of rational ones, are often made even if no corruption may have been intended (Svensson, 2005). The recurrent disasters involving seagoing vessels and loss of lives and property in the burning of discotheque place and hotel in recent years in these nations are at least partly results of lack of rationality in decision making. The rural character of Myanmar and Iraq as compare to Singapore and Denmark did not change significantly until the 1990s. In the meantime, the particularistic values and norms that have worked so well since the ancient times can continue to be emphasized over other values and norms, and help maintain public order (Kaing, Thet Aye 2005). However, in the rapidly urbanizing society, the same personality values and norms are no longer sufficient to cope with the decision making situations involving large concentrations of diverse populations. Commitment to more impersonal or universalistic norms has become necessary. It is evident, however, that at this historical juncture, Burmese or people of Myanmar generally continue to fit decisions to the more familiar and comfortable personalistic framework (United Nations, 2004). Ultimately, corruption adds inefficiency into a system and increases the risk for investors. Consequently, market prices are higher due to increased risk and increased transaction costs. Deep rooted corruption causes companies to rely on paying bribes as their main source of competitive advantage (Klitgaard, 2000). This is opposed to innovating, taking risks and becoming more efficient. Being morally corrupt is the lowest form of existence as they take advantage of the weak and most vulnerable in society through the pursuit of personal gain. By applying stakeholder theory, morally corrupt people have total disregard for the well being of people, and have no concern for the future well being of society. By applying strict principals, all forms of corruption are immoral as it does not benefit society over the long run. However, this should not be used as an excuse to partake in corruption indefinitely. One can morally partake in corruption provided that there is a net positive benefit for the society, and that the corrupt act is made with the intention of reducing overall corruption (Svensson, 2005). According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2009, p.4), morality refers to an ideal code of conduct, one which would be espoused in preference to alternatives by all rational people, under specified conditions. However, corruption is a highly subjective matter which depends upon persons, cultural, ethical, moral and religious backgrounds. A perception of person regarding the corruption also depends upon their understanding and education of corruption. Hence, it is difficult to define an ideal code of conduct that all rational people will abide by, even under specified conditions. In many cases, the seemingly black and white scenario has large portions of grey. Morality is a term that spans many meanings (Miller et al, 2005). It is shaped the countrys cultural, moral, ethical and religious backgrounds. Despite religious diversity throughout the world, morality at its core is shared by all of human kind. Religious scriptures and ancient philosophy echo similar beliefs; that we sh ould love our neighbor and take care of others less fortunate. Thus, these implications are commonly variable of corruptions in any country, specifically Myanmar and Iraq (Klitgaard, 2000). By removing corruption, we are creating value. In reality we sometimes need to partake in corruption in order to make progress. Just as important a component of this desired values outcomes, and the value that will be seen everywhere, is universalism. These are the foundations of countries with high level of integrity and low level of corruption. The concept is taken from Parsons and is interpreted in practical terms to mean valuing principles that apply to the larger group as opposed to select few. From these values is a derived lower level norm that regulates relationships among individuals in the larger society. These lower level norms include the application of the merit principle in the hiring, firing and promotion of personnel in organizations; the application of the first com first served principle in the making or delivery of claims; the use of rational criteria in delivering services to members of general public, in accounting for use of power and others (Svensson, 2005). There are variety of are possibility of ways to lessen the corrupt and unethical behaviors. In Denmark, there are programs implemented to monitor the budget allocation of each government officials as well as the organized system of Singapore. Unlike Myanmar and Iraq, there are no specified programs regarding these issues. There are some visible programs but it was inefficient in combating the corruption which is commonly committed by higher officials of the government. The members of the population, who recognize the importance of integrity and values, if they have not internalized this as central part of their value system and repertoire, may be in the minority at the present time, but they are there. The success of Singaporean working in organizations is one indication, as is the operation of such enclaves as the main factor for their economic success and unrivalled progress in Asia. What seems to be called for is the leadership and support that they need at the same time that efforts are made to increase their progressions. An effective leadership system that will promote progress and economic sustainability will be a great help, but so will more direct action at inculcating the appropriate values itself (Mirza, 2006). The ethical dimension of corruption activity does not consist simply of constraining rules and minimal standards, and certainly no simply of and legally enforceable rules and standards. In the first place, many principles and standards are not legally enforceable but are nevertheless highly ethically desirable. Anti-corruption system is one of the ways to lessen these deleterious activities. Anti-corruption system can be thought of as being both predominantly reactive and predominantly preventive. Naturally, the distinction is somewhat artificial, since there is a need for both reactive elements, for example, investigation and adjuration, as well as preventive elements, for example ethic training and transparency, and an adequate ant-corruption system. At any rate, there is a proposed to concise anti-corruption system under two broad headings, the reactive and preventive approaches. There are also subheadings in these approaches; promoting ethical behavior, corporate governance and p rerogative and transparency (Klitgaard, 2000). Denmark and Singapore employed different approaches from Myanmar and Iraq, their approaches to combat corruption in their country this is the main reason why there is very relatively small rate of corruption in these two countries. They used criteria in each approaches employed, manner of implementation, and results of the activities undertaken. The typologies and the specifications and examples given are worth looking at. In Denmark, leaders are being non institutional, characterized by spontaneity among adherents. It takes highly emotional and moralistic stance against corruption. Singapore value changes in actors of various institutions as a goal. In fact, in the approaches they implemented, the emphasis is on moral and legal, there is no provision for effective technical, legal and bureaucratic means in combating the corruption. These countries also emphasizes the use of institutional means to achieve stated goals, including legislative measures, anti-corruption bureaus and anti -corruption campaigns aimed at securing the cooperation of the public in the drive of corruption. This approach is led by their powerful rulers in their society and utilizes constitutional legal, organizational and procedural means to achieve a very high level goal; the elimination or eradication of corruption (Miller et al, 2005). REFERENCES: Transparency International (2008). Global Corruption Report 2008. Cambridge University Press. Svensson, J. (2005). Eight Questions about Corruption. Journal of Economic Perspectives-Vol.19. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Religion and Morality. 2 June 2009. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/religion-morality Miller, S., Roberts, P., Spence, E. (2005). Corruption and Anti Corruption: An applied philosophical Approach: New York: Prentice Hall. United Nations. (2004). Strategic Framework for UN Agencies in Myanmar. Country Team in Myanmar Yangon: UN Country Team in Myanmar Kaing, Thet Aye (2005). New Government Accuses Super Power of Role in Yangon Bombings. The Myanmar Times. Klitgaard, R. (2000). Corrupt Cities: A Practical Guide to cure and prevention. Oakland California; ICS press Stone,A. Bain, C. (2008). Denmark?; Denmark delineated: sketches of the present state of that country? Mirza, H. (2006). Multinationals and the growth of the Singapore economy?

A fence should not be built on the U.S. – Mexican Border

The U.S. should build a wall between itself and Mexico, topped with razor wire. This is about toughening immigration laws and the strict enforcement of laws already widely discussed.The building is a two thousand-mile-long fence would cost about 680 (m) million dollars, and it would slow border crossings. It is for the idea of candidates running for president to have clear and aggressive plans for dealing with immigration.It also gives the idea of doing something that might actually work to stop illegal aliens from flooding into the United States is actually drawing great interest. It won't go away. Illegal immigration is not just impacting the Border States. Illegal aliens are showing up everywhere. Constitutionally it is a Federal responsibility to protect the 50 states from invasion and as a practical matter it is impacting all of us.Background:â€Å"For those people who do not live in the U.S. of America or have not heard about it, U.S.A. government has decided to construct a wa ll along the border of Mexico to attempt to keep out illegal and MS13 clan members. The MS13 is a dangerous clan that specializes in smuggling drugs and people across borders and has made their way from Columbia to Northern Mexico and intend to get into The U.S. of America.Also, there have been reports of the AL Qaida attempting to get the MS13 to smuggle THEMSELVES into the U.S. of A. so they can continue their reign of terror. The Mexican government feels that it is unnecessary that there is building a wall and have started comparing President Bush to Hitler because of the Berlin wall.Personally think that the wall should be built to protect American from the MS13 and to control the amount of illegally migrating to the U.S. of America (â€Å"All to Protect the Innocent†.Tue January 24 2006 20:02. http://forums.ubi.com)†.Immigrant or a refugee rights groups across the country are now moving in the direction of putting immigration in the context of a global economy, glo balization, and people on the move escaping poverty, hunger, civil war, and persecution. NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) kicked off that trend.When it was testified at the NAFTA hearings that Mexican and Aliens complained of why they weren’t including immigration in the context of a financial free trade agreement. Why were they focusing on the free movement of merchandise but not on the free movement of people? Basically it's a labor issue.California has always been impacted tremendously by immigration, not just by people from Mexico. It’s now estimated even by the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) that there are at least five million immigrants in the U.S. who are undocumented. California usually comes in with at least half of those immigrants, not only because of its juxtaposition to Baja California, but also it's a place where people can blend into cities like L.A. and San Francisco. There's about nine million in these cities and about a t hird are immigrants and refugees.It is important that it begins addressing immigration within the context of a global economy. Globalization affects the United States because investments in other countries have impacts such as people leaving that country, the displacement of jobs, jobs moving in and out of a country.Primarily focuses on human rights and nowhere is human rights more impacted than on the U.S.-Mexico border. These have really been a hateful time for Americans especially with the shooting incident by the military.Right after that, other military operations were exposed, including here inCalifornia where National Guard troops have been out in camouflage, hiding in the brush on the pretext of looking for drugs and immigrants. In addition, there has been introduced legislation in the House to send 10,000 military troops in to California.This is in addition to 5,000 Border Patrol agents approved by Congress. That's going to interrupt a lot of movement. It could eventually i nterfere with free trade because how long will Mexico put up with this confrontation by the military on the border.Going back to history, the U.S. contracted with Mexicans to come to work here in the '30s and '40s and '50s. Then the xenophobia started, the scapegoat, and you had massive raids and deportations of hundreds of thousands of Mexicans. U.S. citizens and legal residents as well as undocumented were all sent to Mexico in the '30s and '40s and '50s.During '50s, operation wetback, and even though I'm a fifth generation U.S. citizen, right on these streets around here I used to be stopped on the way home from school, or visiting my girlfriend, or going downtown. The police used to smack me up against the wall and call the Border Patrol. They get used to do in at least every other week. They used to take out of jobs, after school jobs, in restaurants, hotels by among Mexicans

Portfolio A Systematic Collection Education Essay

As instructors we interact, work and program activities for pupils. These activities are geared to develop their acquisition, hence be aftering for pupils progress instructors need to document the development of the kids betterments on a day-to-day footing. To make this a system that is easy to utilize and one that is flexible plenty to account all or most of the activities they participate in, therefore appraisal is an umportant portion of entering advancement. Appraisal is the procedure of happening out what kids can make, what they know and the things they are interested in. appraisal besides involves all methods through which instructors can derive an apprehension of kids ‘s development and acquisition. Assessment is of import because once information is gained, appropriate activities and experiences can be implemented for continued growing in all countries of development. Appraisal comes in many signifiers, and some work better than others. The National Association for the Education of Young Children ( NAEYC ) provides assessment guidelines in its publicationA Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children From Birth Through Age Eight. In this publication, NAEYC states that: â€Å" Developmental appraisal of kids ‘s advancement and accomplishments is used to accommodate course of study to fit the developmental demands of kids, to pass on with the kid ‘s household, and to measure the plan ‘s effectivity † ( Bredekamp, p. 13 ) . â€Å" Appraisal of single kids ‘s development and acquisition is indispensable for planning and implementing developmentally appropriate plans, but should be used with cautiousness to forestall favoritism against persons and to guarantee truth. Accurate testing can merely be achieved with dependable, valid instruments and such instruments developed for usage with immature kids are highly rare. In the absence of valid instruments, proving is non valuable. Therefore, appraisal of immature kids should trust to a great extent on the consequences of observations and descriptive informations † ( Bredekamp, pp. 12-13 ) . Portfolios Portfolio is a systematic aggregation or sample of kids work, with information associating to each kid ‘s developmental advancement which depicts the pupil activities, achievements, and accomplishments within the educational scene. As explained by Carol Gestwicki in Developmentally Appropriate Practice: Course of study and Development in Early Education, â€Å" Portfolios may incorporate aggregations of representative work of kids that illustrate their advancement and achievementsaˆÂ ¦ † and â€Å" Children are encouraged to add their ain choices of work that they feel show their advancement to the portfolios † ( Gestwicki, p. 304 ) . Portfolio promotes a positive, enthusiastic position is the statement in Janine Batzles ‘s book, A Portfolio Assessment and Evaluation: â€Å" A portfolio should be a jubilation of the kid ‘s alone abilities, accomplishments, and advancement, displayed through reliable samples † ( Batzle, p. 60 ) . There are two major types of portfolios which instructors can utilize which is procedure and merchandise portfolio. The procedure portfolio is used to document each phase of larning which provides a progressive record of pupil ‘s growing. The merchandise portfolio demonstrates command of a learning undertaking or a set of larning aims and contains merely the best work. Teachers use process portfolios to assist pupils place larning ends, papers advancement over clip, and show acquisition command†¦ In general, instructors prefer to utilize procedure portfolios because they are ideal for documenting the phases that pupils go through as they learn and advancement ( Venn, 2000, p. 533 ) . Student ‘s portfolios can take assorted physical signifiers, depending on which 1 is comfy for the instructor and the type of kid attention plan offered. They can be boxes, squeeze box files, booklets, three-ring binders, exposure albums, and or combinations and similar points can be used as receptacles for cogent evidence of advancement. Teachers can hold two containers: one for 3-dimensional samples of the kid ‘s attempts and another for signifiers and planar beginnings of information. Portfolios are an individualised manner in measuring pupils hence each kid should hold their ain portfolio. Portfolios can include many points of each kid ‘s alone involvements, besides pupils demands can be addressed harmonizing to what is included in their portfolio. Teachers can utilize exposures, drawings, colloquial notes, sound and picture recordings and observations. Photographs are taken of kids when they work on undertakings that can non be saved for future mention, like edifice blocks, modeling clay, bead threading where at times they threading harmonizing to pictured forms, and when they build mystifiers without aid. Samples of the kids ‘s work is saved in their portfolios as they are placed each kid advancement, helps the instructor and parents to derive a better apprehension of the pupil strengths and failing depending on the age and development degree of each kid. With this information from the portfolios, instructors are able to be after for future course of study. Some advantages of portfolio appraisal is where instructors can mensurate public presentation based on echt samples of the kids ‘s work, it enables instructors and pupils to portion in the duty for puting learning ends and for measuring their advancement toward run intoing those ends and portfolios can supply a procedure for structuring acquisition in phases. The disadvantages of portfolio appraisal could be hard in garnering all the necessary informations and work samples which therefore makes portfolios bulky and hard to pull off, and besides to develop a systematic and calculated direction system tends to be hard, but this measure is necessary in order to do them a random aggregation of pupils work. Systematic Observation Systematic observations are observations where instructors become really familiar with the involvements, demands, and strengths of all of the kids in their schoolrooms. With this type of observation instructors become cognizant when kids exhibit discernible forms of behavior that indicate they are fighting with larning prior to formal procedure of acquisition, every bit immature as age three ( Lowenthal, 1998 ; Steele, 2004 ) . With a tool to aim their observations, instructors can utilize systematic observation as a speedy and cost-efficient manner to find which kids might be fighting with acquisition and benefit from extra support ( Satz & A ; Fletcher, 1988 ) .A With the usage of systematic observation the instructor observes the whole category hence allow him/her to go cognizant of the pupils needs whereby the instructor can be after suitably. This type of observation agencies that decisions or readings are based on observations of the kid over clip instead than a erstwhile appraisal of a kid ‘s accomplishments and abilities.A Systematic observation is to be done when kids, are playing entirely, in little groups, in big groups, at assorted times of twenty-four hours and in assorted fortunes. Systematic observation must be nonsubjective, selective, unnoticeable, and carefully recorded ( Bertrand and Cebula, 1980 ) . Teachers are to detect the kids interacting with their environment and with others and document what they see. Some instructors use checklists, stock list, evaluation graduated table, anecdotal notes, recordings or other signifiers to enter their observations. This procedure seems to be natural and appropriate for preschool instructors because â€Å" Preschool kids demonstrate growing and larning through activity ( Worthham, 1994, p. 213 ) . The checklist or stock list is entering tools which are used for entering pupil ‘s advancement and this procedure is easier for instructors to work with. Checklist or stock list are to be based on instructional aims and the development associated with the acquisition of the accomplishments being monitored, thereby these observations should be based on regular activities, non on specially designed or contrived activities. These tools can besides include infinites for brief remarks, which provide extra information non captured in the checklist. Rating Scale is used to assist instructors and parents gather and portion information about immature kids with specific attending to features that might be early marks of larning disablements. The evaluation graduated table besides allows instructors and parents to reflect consistently on their concerns and helps them acknowledge if the kid would profit from extra support. The information gathered about the pupils across developmental spheres, which are the Perceptual and Motor, Self-Management, Social and Emotional, Early Math, Early Literacy, Receptive Language, and the Expressive Language sphere. The consequences will inform communicating and planning among parents, school forces, and others. Anecdotal notes are used to enter specific observations of single pupil behaviors, accomplishments and attitudes, these notes provide cumulative information on pupil acquisition, uncovering penetrations about the kid ‘s advancement when they are reviewed consecutive and provides way for farther direction. Anecdotal records are besides factual, nonjudgmental notes of kids ‘s activity ( Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 1991 ) . They are most utile for entering self-generated events. The advantages are that the perceiver does non necessitate particular preparation, and the observation can be used to concentrate specifically on the behavior of involvement. The disadvantages of this type of appraisal are that the consequences depend upon the memory of the single perceiver, and the perceiver may overlook much important behavior to concentrate on a specific behavior. Systematic observation strengths are that it is used in the natural scene of the kid ‘s schoolroom environment, the instructor can detect what causes the pupil specific behavior and topographic points minimum restraints on kids ‘s behavior and activities, leting them to act of course and exhibit their full scope of accomplishments and abilities while prosecuting in activities that hold intending for them, such as dramatic drama activities or block building ( Hills, 1993 ; Schweinhart, 1993 ) . Systematic observation besides has its weak countries where the teacher/observer may falsify information which can do them invalid, some pupils do non work efficaciously when they are being watched and they may execute otherwise. Traditional Trial Traditional appraisal ( TA ) refers to standardise proving that uses inquiries with a limited figure of reply picks. They can be multiple-choice trials, fill-in-the-blanks, true-false, duplicate, essays and some short reply responses. Students typically select an reply or remember information to finish the appraisal. These trials may be standardized or teacher-created, and may be administered locally, province broad, or internationally. Other proving methods, sometimes known as performance-based appraisal, alternate appraisal or reliable appraisal, focal point on the procedure by which a pupil arrives at an reply in add-on to the concluding response. Most standardised trials are non designed to measure the individualised growing and development taking topographic point in your schoolroom. But there are other assessment tools that do! Early on childhood pedagogues are uncomfortable with the thought of proving the immature kids they work with. This is because the traditional appraisal tools were designed chiefly for older elementary-school pupils. Children taking these trials are assessed on stray accomplishments in ways that are unfamiliar to them, and the trial consequences frequently do non reflect kids ‘s personal experiences or cognition. One of the primary benefits of traditional appraisal is the easiness in which decision makers and admittances professionals can analyse and compare pupil tonss. Standardized proving that relies wholly on quantifiable responses produces an appraisal that is easy to hit. Test shapers can categorise inquiries to find which countries pupils excel in and which they have trouble with. Students ‘ consequences are comparable over clip and across a big, diverse group of pupils. Recently nevertheless, new attacks to appraisal has been deriving credence among early childhood and primary class instructors. These are known as â€Å" public presentation † or â€Å" reliable † appraisal ; these new tools have many benefits that standardized trials do non, which are, that they consistently document what kids know and can make based on activities they engage in on a day-to-day footing in their schoolrooms. They are flexible plenty to let instructors to measure each kid ‘s advancement utilizing information obtained from ongoing schoolroom interactions with stuffs and equals. They are a agencies for bettering direction, leting instructors to be after a comprehensive, developmentally oriented course of study based on their cognition of each kid. Traditional appraisal methods have the disadvantage of missing real-world context. Students answer inquiries one by one without the demand to use long-run critical logical thinking accomplishments. They besides lack opportunities to show their logical thinking accomplishments despite a deficiency of cognition about a inquiry ‘s specific capable affair. Alternate assessment methods allow pupils to use their accomplishments and cognition within a context that more closely resembles job work outing and knowledge application in most occupations or day-to-day undertakings. Traditional appraisal besides has both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to the manner pedagogues teach. Traditional appraisal forces pedagogues to pass clip learning pupils how to pull off trials, including schemes for choosing right replies from a listed group. Alternative appraisal allows pedagogues to concentrate on critical logical thinking accomplishments, which pupils will be able to use of course to long-form trial inquiries. However, in state of affairss where alternate appraisal replaces traditional appraisal, this means instructors need to larn new methods of trial readying and schools need to develop alternate signifiers of public presentation appraisal for their pupils and instructors. Decision Appraisals are utile, effectual tools to help early childhood professionals in admiting and documenting each kid ‘s advancement. Appraisals can be alone to each kid and the contents can concentrate on each kid ‘s specific interactions with his or her environment, stuffs, equals, and instructors. Both parents and kids can work together positively. This tripartite conferencing and planning method, affecting instructors, parents, and kids, is a major end of reliable appraisal today ( Ryan, p. 2 ) . Appraisals are practical and utile for both coverage and planning. The signifier and format are adaptable to each educational plan of immature kids.

How You Should Be Launching Your Books

How You Should Be Launching Your Books How You Should Be Launching Your Books in 2015 - An Interview with Eliot Peper â€Å"For someone who loves a book, what would make their day? What would make them happy or make them think of it again or think that it’s cool? I’m always struggling with that.†This is a quote that defines startup-fiction author Eliot Peper. He writes for his readers and would do anything to make them happy.Dedicated readers here at the Reedsy blog may recall that we interviewed Eliot back in July of this year, a few months after the release of his first ever book, Uncommon Stock. If you do, you might also remember the mood in which we left the interview: â€Å"Eliot Peper is the nicest man in the world.† He’s a great, positive guy to be around, and overflows with excitement not just when he’s talking about his writing, but also the aftercare of publishing and promotion.So we’ve brought him back again! And what better day for it than today, for the official launch of the second book in the Uncommon series, ‘Uncommon Stock: Powe r Play’! What’s changed for Eliot since he launched his first book? One one hand, a lot: the first book was a real success and garnered some fantastic reviews. On the other hand, not much: Eliot stays true to his credo: â€Å"At the end of the day the people who read my books, my actual readers, they just want the next book†.How do you successfully launch a book? How do you connect with readers? How do you work hand-in-hand with your publisher to spread the word? All this gravitates around the fundamental notion of â€Å"creative marketing.†If you’re a writer, the big takeaway from this interview is that promoting your book isn’t something to be afraid of. It’s not, as Eliot put it, ‘a black box.’ You need to approach it as a creative challenge, just like you would writing a book. You don’t need to worry about doing what everyone else is doing - in fact, marketing, just like writing, just like anything creative, ma rketing is one of those disciplines where you win by breaking the rules, by being bold, by experimenting. If you think of something that sounds cool, that sounds interesting, like it’s something you haven’t seen done before - that’s a sign you should give it a try. Because, generally, those are the people you remember.As the saying goes, â€Å"here’s to the crazy ones.†I recommend you first read our previous interview with him and then put your headphones on, grab a cup of coffee, and join our hangout here. For the unconditional lovers of the written word (like myself), I’ve transcribed below some of the most insightful parts of the hangout. REEDSYApart from granting us this great interview, what are you doing for the launch of Uncommon Stock: Power Play?ELIOT PEPERWe’re trying to line up a bunch of fun stuff. Book launches are interesting, and particularly for fiction, because it’s not obvious what a book launch should be. Many authors, aspiring authors, or readers sort of assume that if you work with a big publisher, they have a big marketing plan ready for you: maybe you’ll have billboards on the subway, or maybe you’ll be in a private jet flying around the country to do book signings or stuff like that.Obviously, that doesn’t really happen. But even the less sort of over-the-top versions either don’t happen, or don’t work very well. I have a friend who published a major business book this year. They had a lot of traditional marketing behind the book; they actually had billboards and stuff like that. And they were still frustrated, they actually felt that it didnâ€℠¢t really allow them to capture new readers.Of course, for non-fiction it’s a little different, but for fiction, it’s actually pretty simple. The way that I try to think about our launch efforts, and the way I then try to work with independent publisher, FG Press, is to consider the book’s launch from the readers’ perspective.It’s very tempting to thinking of it from the publisher’s perspective – and that equally applies to the author’s perspective if you’re self-publishing – to think through â€Å"How would I want to get the word out.† But that doesn’t work very well. Really, what you need to think about is: â€Å"Why do readers check out new books in the first place?† Those are the people that you are trying to reach.Now, I am a voracious reader – I read dozens and dozens of books a year – and I know that, especially for fiction, the way that I discover a new author, a new seri es or a new book is because someone recommends it to me. It’s really straightforward. A friend says: â€Å"Hey Eliot,   I just read X and you would really like it, so you should probably check it out.† And I do the same - if I read a book I really like, and I know I have a friend who would get a kick out of it, I let them know. A couple of books I recommended this year are Whisky Tango Foxtrott, by David Schaeffer, which is great; The Martian, by Andi Weir; The Magicians, by Lev Grossman, which I just got into even if it was released back in 2009†¦ That’s how many readers discover new books.   So when we think about what a book launch even means aside from just allowing people to buy it, we try to think about it from that point of view.For example, this conversation is great because there are people who are following Reedsy and who are interested in becoming independent authors, who think about what it means to be an independent author, and if they get a kick out of this conversation maybe they are going to go check out Uncommon Stock, right?One thing that is also definitely worth mentioning is that today, the book Uncommon Stock 1.0, the first one in the series that we released back in March, is actually free on Amazon. It is free today, tomorrow, and Friday. So you can check out the story for free, and if you like it, do me a solid and leave a review and buy the sequel! That’s a fun experiment that we’re doing. In addition to that, over the past six weeks we’ve been releasing the entire first book serially on Medium, which is a sort of new blogging platform. We broke the book up into 10 parts and we’ve been releasing each part along the way, so you can follow the story (one new part comes up a week). Right now, we’re about to release part 6, and by the end of the year the whole book will be available for free on Medium, forever.REEDSYExactly, and I think that most of the successful authors we s ee out there during the marketing. I can recall you interviewing Joanna Penn on a similar Hangout a few weeks ago; and I see Joanna at a lot of conferences and events. Basically, these conferences are a way for her to get her message across, let people know about her, her blog, her advice, etc. and she always seems to have fun doing it.So I think lots of authors see marketing as a hustle, when it should be seen as something to experiment and get creative with, just as you’re doing.ELIOTYes, I think Joanna does this phenomenally well: she’s found a niche where her message is also relevant, that’s why people want her to speak at those conferences. And authors can do that in different ways. Hugh Howey for example has been writing a lot about the publishing industry, as do a number of author authors. You’re going to attract different people by writing about different things.But you know, here’s an example of something fun: I was recently in Boulder to visit with FG Press, and we recorded a series of video interviews where I spend 20 minutes just talking to each member of their team about what they did to make the book a reality. I talked to their editorial director about the editorial process for the book, what it looked like behind the scenes, to the designer about typography and cover design, etc.And that second interview has an interesting story: for the cover design, it’s a top-down still-light photo of a laptop with a cappuccino, a book and a handgun on the table. It looks pretty cool, I’m really happy with it. That was our concept and FG Press actually did the photoshoot. They’re in Boulder, which is this nice little mountain town. So they got a gun, and went to the different coffee shops around the office, but none of the coffee shop owners would allow them inside with a gun! And that became a huge problem because they really wanted to have a nice ceramic cup with a cappuccino in it and a nice drawing in the foam†¦ So if they couldn’t bring the gun into the coffee shop, how could they bring the cappuccino in the cup to the gun, without the latte on top degrading?In the end they had to come up with this system where they had to have everything ready in their office to take the picture and then rush the cappuccino over there. So it’s cute, you know, it makes for a really interesting story.Also, they re-did the cover for Uncommon Stock: Version 1.0 as well. You’ll notice that it has these leaves in the background, there’s a knife and a backpack, and this burning paperwork. Well, that burning paperwork are real termsheets from Foundry Group that they actually issued to Mozaik, per that press release that we were mentioning.So they went outside, they were on the street in Boulder, collected leaves from the whole neighborhood, made this whole setup, and started burning the termsheets under the camera taking a time-lapse (see below). Obviously, people we re stopping, looking at that and asking what the hell they were doing†¦So the good thing with these little stories is that if you pick up the book, you’ll think (hopefully) â€Å"oh, that’s a nice cover†. And then you read it and you think â€Å"oh, that’s a cool book†. Well, if you liked the book it might be fun for you to know that background story, it’s like a â€Å"behind the scenes† for a DVD extra.Now, we’re going to be able to show these videos, and you could call that marketing, but it is certainly not how it felt! We didn’t feel like we were trying to sell something, we were just thinking: this is a funny story, let’s talk about it.REEDSYNo, absolutely. And I’ve heard of something similar that some authors do: they intentionally cut scenes from their book – often also because the scene wasn’t 100% necessary or relevant – and release that scene a few months after the bookâ €™s launch to keep readers engaged, which I think is very important.Now the great thing for you now is that for this second launch, you already have an established reader base, right? So how does that change things?ELIOTOh yes, there’s actually a number of dynamics that this changes and which should be very obvious but I haven’t really been thinking about. Like, in the beta process of writing the second book it felt very different from writing the first. Because when writing the first, nobody cares, it’s really just you†¦ When writing book 2, you feel more like you’re writing for an audience, because there are these people who’ve been leaving reviews on Amazon for the first one and are waiting for the second one.And that’s true on the launch end too. For example, here’s something that I think every author should do, especially if you’re writing a series: I went on Goodreads, a book review platform, and also on Amazon t o check the reviews of the first book. Now, on Goodreads, you can actually message the people who leave you a review. On Amazon, you can’t do that, but you can comment on their review. So I went through these, and for every reviewer who liked the book, I messaged or commented them and said: â€Å"thank you so much for sharing your thoughts on the book. As a writer, that really makes my day because I get feedback from people and it seems you got something out of the book so it’s really rewarding to know about it. If you’re interested, I’d like to thank you by offering you a free Advanced Review Copy (ARC) of the sequel.†Because these people have already proved that they’ve liked the first book enough to leave a review, so getting a direct message from the author offering you an early version of the sequel, that’s pretty awesome, right?And I was really shocked at the results. Our â€Å"conversion rate† (the number of people who r esponded to that) was extremely high. So I’m hoping, now that they have the ARC and have read it, that when the book comes out they’ll write another review and share it with their friends. Being able to do that is really something that makes the second launch different from the first one.REEDSYThanks for your time Eliot.

ENC 102 WA5 Essay

ENC 102 WA5 Essay ENC 102 WA5 Essay ENGLISH COMPOSITION II 2014OCT ENC-102-OL011 Thomas Edison State College Written Assignment # 5 Submitted: November 2, 2014 Mentor: Miriam Redcay Assignment: Research Outline. Research Outline As a Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness student my research topic will focus on the implementation of the Post Incident Analysis (PIA) process to measure the effectiveness during the response to the incident. The result of this research is to suggest the importance of developing guide of line PIA to analyze record and share experiences from incidents response. These lessons learnt can be added to future planning and training exercises by the different agencies of emergency responders. A literature review including recognize fire service textbooks, journals, magazines, online research and different reports was included to examine different Post Incident Analysis programs. The research used to accomplish this purpose by answering the following questions: 1) What is a Post Incident Analysis? 2) What incidents should be analyzed? 3) What information should be collected? 4) How can this information be used? According to the Salt River Fire Department Operating Guidelines a â€Å"Post Incident Analysis (PIA) is the reconstruction of an incident to assess the chain of events that took place, and the methods used to control the incident, and how the actions of emergency personnel contributed to the eventual outcome. The main purpose of the PIA is to reinforce personnel actions and departmental procedures that are effective and to give management insight into how effectiveness of the department’s operations can be improved.† Frank Montagna suggests â€Å"a PIA should be held after all incidents, not just when something goes wrong. Holding a PIA at incidents not only necessary when things went well this also allows inexperienced responders to learn from others responder’s experiences.† A Post Incident Analysis (PIA) should be conducted after every incident. After reviewing the Anatomy of a Major-Incident Postmortem a â€Å"well-designed postmortem process can be used to develop detailed action plans and serve as a solid building block in launching improvement to a response, and the implementation of the best practice framework which play a key role in minimizing response time.† an effective PIA should be consistent, timely and conducted by all key personal. A Post Incident analysis report must bee as part of the establish procedures and focus on lessons learnt and introduce as part of the analysis program of every emergency response agencies. In my time in the U.S. Army, we normally conduct an After Action Review (AARs) for training exercises and operations and provide Army Regulation (AR) 11-33 states that â€Å"a standardized format to identify Unit identified problems with the commanders’ solution†. A PIA would benefit greatly if the following information can be gathered: a) General Description of the incident b) Dates, locations, and major participants c) Significant issues d) Limitations / Solutions e) Discussion Lessons learned f) Recommended action and responders feedback As part of the review literature, the conclusion can be drawn that must emergencies

The Development of Art and Music Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Development of Art and Music - Assignment Example The term â€Å"classical† in Western culture refers to the two cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome which dominated Europe and large parts of Asia from their Eastern Mediterranean base. The art of this period is preserved in magnificent marble statues, mosaics such as those at Pompeii and some paintings. Human figures were favorite subjects and there is a cleanness of line and a celebration of physicality in the art of this time. Mythology was often depicted, but also ordinary citizens and famous people of the age. Not very much is known about music, except that it was a part of most dramatic performances, from plays in the theatres to spectacles with gladiators in the Coliseum. This period ends with the fall of Rome in the fifth century and then everything is rather quiet through the period known as the â€Å"Dark Ages†. The earliest evidence we have of dark ages and medieval music shows a close connection with religious activities, which is not surprising since the Church was the place where most intellectual activities and almost all reading and writing activities took place. Illustrated books show psalms and hymns, sometimes with basic musical notation, and a key innovator in this field was Pope Gregory the Great (540-604), who promoted the use of plainchant, monotone single voice or choir delivery of short uplifting texts across the increasing territories of Christianity. One of the most notable composers was Hildegard of Bingen ( 1098-1179) who wrote chants and â€Å"sequences† which were used in worship, again using voice as the main carrier of the melody but some more daring intervals than those common in the Gregorian chants. In art religious subjects dominated and the pictures of saints or Bible figures were designed to convey a narrative, for example by depicting objects which had sy mbolic significance, or which reminded the viewers, most of whom could not read, what the key elements of the story were.

The Minoan Cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Minoan Cultures - Assignment Example This evidence shows they had numerous celebrations, ceremonies, rituals to mark a specific event in their religion and festivals. They also suggest that Athena and Aphrodite of the Greeks also stem from the Minoan religion. However, the problem of interpreting such evidence is bound to mislead due to language barriers and meaning are given to specific religious belief. The Minoans and Mycenaeans relate to one another in many ways even though they had certain disparities in their ways of lives, they constantly fought each other rather than uniting but had similarities in that they had spent most of their time sailing in waters, traded around Aegean Sea and were the first few two cultures to sprout in Greece, they had similar poetry and religion since they worshiped in one goddess. In terms of their palaces, the layout and rules regarding them were similar. They also differed in a number of ways such as the Mycenaeans were more focused on weapon making and their military and war-loving who did little for themselves while the Minoans were more artistry, painted, made pots and build boats for trading. The collapse of this two civilization has perplex many and it can be attributed to the natural disasters (climate change) that wreak havoc at around 1600, B. C, during this time an earthquake (tsunami) occurred that is believed to have swept away majority of the Minoans leaving them prone to attack by the Greek soldiers and subsequent defeat. The Persian war in 490-480 was integral to the rise of Athens to be powerful and brought changes in the political climate of Greece. The unity of Sparta and Athens was also greatly influenced by these invasions starting in the time of fear of the Persians while these city-states were constantly against each other, the repulsion of the Persians’ attack by the Athenians gave them a sense of self-worth and prestige, as a result, there were new audacity and political change.