Thursday, February 28, 2019

Global warming and climatic changes Essay

orbiculate hot pantsing system and climatic changes have a interactive relationship- single leads to the other. Climatic changes be substantial alterations in the earths humor that remainders for an extended period of time and can be as a result of world-wide melting. spherical warm is defined as a change of climate that ca designs an gain in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. This is attri unlessed to forgiving interferences curiously the release of excessive amounts of green kin gases much(prenominal) as carbon dioxide, methane, water system vapor and other fluorinated gases.Global heating system is on the rise but in the last century the rate of increase has been alarming. This has prompted world leaders to seek tracks of thwarting the rise. It has been revealed that the average temperature of the atmosphere has risen by between 0. 74-0. 18oC. , in a span of one century . This paper tries to identify the resolutions to orbicular warming as easil y as highlighting the positions taken by opponents of the identified solutions.The impacts of orbiculate warming on the spring chickens in future as well as the cause of hydrogen and send away cell on warming ar as well discussed. Solutions to Global Warming Researches indicate that there is no immediate solution to global warming but there atomic number 18 a issue of measures which if followed provide retard the development and even thin out the rate of global warming. Some of the measures include investing a lot in renewable zilch, and reduction of the amount of heat detain gases such as carbondioxide, methane, and ozone emitted to the environment. ofttimes of these gases be from the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide, nevertheless, investing in renewable source of energy, energy qualification and increasing the efficiency of the vehicles we drive can march as a great misuse towards the reduction of overdependence on oil and othe r fossils fuels that argon the source of greenhouse gases and indeed global warming. Efficient use of the available energy mate with the firing to renewable forms of energy such as wind, solar geothermic and bio-energy may significantly reduce the release of heat trapping gases.Nations should lay out palm plants and corn plants which are later processed to release alcoholic beverage (ethernol) which when burnt releases only energy and water which do not stand to global warming. The developed countries as well as the newly alter economies are the major contributors of green house gases , the U. S in crabbed produces 70% of only its electricity from fossil fuel such as coal natural gas oil and only 2% of renewable source. The usage of electricity from renewable source offers the most effective way towards the reduction of global warming.De-privatizing (socializing) the US power companies leave alone also dole out as an essential step towards solving global warming. This is because de-privatization provide renounce faster transition from the use of fossil fuel to renewable forms of energy without much consideration to private profits however this c alones for serious rope table discussions between governments and power companies to reach a consensus. The public also play active role in the disturb to contain global warming. The public more than the companies form the larger proportion of the global inhabitants and unless they are involved in the quest for its solution, all impart be in vain.They should be educated in regard to green house gases. leadership worldwide should also be informed of their role in the vie against global warming and should represent their governments effectively on the transition to renewable energy (John J Berger pp. 97). The public should be conversant with the effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy and bio-ethernol. get together States and other industrialized nations should be pressurized into the adoption of international treaties to reduce green house gas emission this is because they are a major contributor of carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases in the environment.It should be noted that the newly industrialized economies and other developing countries are care close watch on the developments taken by the U. S and if they are not in harmony with the international treaties, these countries leave also break-dance the rules and thus blowing out of proportion the effects of global warming. Demerits of the proposed solutions to global warming Despite the aforementioned solutions to global warming, different individuals and groups are very questioning because they feel that solutions are far from being practical.They argue that the conversion to renewable energy will face a lot of challenges since it negates the previous policies that aimed at helping infant industries in developing countries. In addition, they feel that the shift to renewable energy will draw a blank the development of other nations thus increasing inequality within nations as has been the case in the last two decades. This they argue will aggravate the social and political tensions. The merriment of the worlds leading grain crop to the production of fuel may contact food prices everywhere.In the event world corn prices rise, so will those of wheat and rice twain because of consumer substitution. The crops will also compete for kill. This will ultimately hinder the fight against food insecurity and hunger which are perennial problems affecting most of the developing countries. The conversion of agricultural nation and forests into farms growing crops suitable for bio-ethernol and other natural sources of renewable energy will have far reaching repercussions. Key among them is the risk of environmental taint and accumulation of carbon dioxide which will otherwise worsen the situation alternatively of improving the global climate.This has been evidenced in sout h East Asia especially Indonesia. When the European Union decided to promote bio-fuel to counter global warming and rain forests were destroyed and replaced with palm trees that make palm oil for fuel. some(prenominal) plantations were based on highly organic soil and when the farmers burned the land to clear it they dumped millions of tons of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. A bio-fuel scheme designed to slow global warming actually wound up accelerating the phenomenon. alike non-renewable sources of energy are cheaper to produce compared to the renewable alternatives.This will ultimately hinder industrial development in developing countries as well as reduce crop production increasing food insecurity. Problems the Youth atomic number 18 Likely To Face Due To Global Warming Global warming and climatic changes are believed to pose serious threats not only to the youths but also to the entire future timess (NAST 2001 pp. 620). This is because it poses an exceptional environmen tal and ecological bad luck to the habitats all species. Some of the adverse effects of climate change that the youth are likely to face in future include hunger, thirst, floods and diseases. alter in temperature and precipitation patterns have a direct relationship with the frequence duration and intensity of other extreme weather conditions such as floods, droughts heat, waves and tornadoes. Other effects of global warming include higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat reduced watercourse flows and species extinction. As a further effect of global warming, diseases like malaria are returning in to areas where they were previously extinct. As result of all the energies will be directed to addressing these problems putting the youths at bay.The youths will be out of resolve since industries will shut down and poverty levels increase. The youths will turn into crimes in order to make ends meet thus predisposing them to many dangers. Effects of hydrogen and Fuel Cells on Global Warming Hydrogen fuel cells work by allowing oxygen treat with natural gas methanol or hydrogen to produce electricity without combustion. In hydrogen fuel cells, water and heat are the only by products other than energy. Fuel cells serve as clean alternative for not only electricity generation but also usage by automobiles.Water and heat are harmless products and therefore reducing global warming. Conclusion Green house gases such as carbon dioxide ozone and methane are the leading contributor of global warming and the solution to global warming must first of all begin with the reduction of the emission of these greenhouse gases and other heat trapping gases. However the naturally occurring gases have insignificant effects on global warming and therefore the control of artificial generation is the main concern. These gases are the leading causes of global warming.Although the developed countries bear the greatest burden towards throttle global warming, the ne wly industrialized countries are the major emitters of carbon dioxide and all of them must be in agreement to solve the problem. The international treaties in global warming should not be applied selectively for the fight to be won since it would promote suspicion and mistrust. Meanwhile the solution to reduction of green house gases is the shifting to renewable source of energy such as gasoline, bio-ethernol, solar, and wind energy other than the use of fossil fuel and oil.Emphasizing on energy efficiency and renewable energy will reduce the human division to global warming while creating a strong healthier and more secure nation The possibility of utilizing both heat and electricity from all sources of energy makes a significant contribution to reducing atmospheric emissions Reference John J Berger beating the heat why and how we must combat global warming. Berkeley Hills book, 2000. pp. 97. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Global Temperature Trends 2002 Summ ation. Goddard institute for space studies New York, New YorkAccessed online on November fourteenth 2007. www. giss. nasa. gov/ question/observe/surftemp. 3pp NAST (National Assessment Synthesis Team) climate change impacts on the United States, The potential consequences of climate variability and change, foundation Report for the US global change research program, 2001. Cambridge University Press U. K. pp 620 J. T Houghton L. G Meira, Filho D. J gigs and K. Maskell. IPCC (Intergovernmental circuit card On Climate Change) stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gases physical biologic and social-economic implications.IPCC technical paper iii 1997 IPCC, Geneva Switzerland pp. 52 Alcohol coolheaded solution to global warming? The why files. 2007. Retrieved online on 14 November 2007. http//whyfilesorg/253ethanal Global warming and energy, clean energy solution. Fuel cells. Sierra club. Accessed online on November 14th 2007. http//www. sierraclub. org/globalwarming/solutions/fuelce lls. asp Lisa Bushby hydrogen fuel cells energy of the future environmental chemistry. http//environmentalchemistry. com/yogi/environmental/200408hydrogenfuelcells. html

Decision Making in Healthcare Organization

runway Head conclusion Making in a Healthcare government 1 Decision Making in a Healthcare administration Xavier Hunt MHA 601 Principles of Healthcare Administration Professor Jack Lazzare December 19, 2011 conclusion MAKING IN health care organic law 2 In the wellness care profession a chief executive officer leave alone be asked to put on a lot of difficult lasts. The chief operate officer will non totally earn to make ends that fit the ongoing vision of the healthcare quickness he/she may work at they will also suck up to form stable relationships with their peers, media, and staff.Decision making occurs in all organizations. The finality-making work at begins with identifying a question, problem, or area needing improvement, or an operational issue. Problems, issues, questions, and operational challenges puzzle to leaders and managers from mevery different mess both within and outback(a) the health organization (Pablo, 1996). To make the important decision that was given to us in the case study, I would use the drool throw out vex and its subsets to help me come to a conclusion. This decision involves a lot of people so the choice that will be made will imply all parties involved.In this paper I will discuss how I would tackle this problem with the various mother fuckers of decision making through the readings that we bedevil had. The Garbage Can Model How derriere the garbage can modeling help in this situation? The garbage can model was invented to lead the understanding of the organization. It addresses the problem that is going on at that quantify and accepts astonishment as a reality. In the garbage can model unwarranted coupling is required in an organization to understand decision making. The garbage can model has also been introduced as a possible manner to understand how an organization learns (Tsang, 1997).In the case study the CEO is confront with a myriad of issues like for instance trying to keep the physici ans, and enough staff at the hospital not only that if they were to leave they tolerate threatened to go to their rivals hospitals across the city. The CEO also has to get out with a possible finis MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 3 lawsuit because the nursemaid who possibly has HIV has been asked to leave the operating populate to work somewhere else. Would this not spark a fire?Could communicate the nurse to leave no matter how they tried to butter the deal up still seem like covert discrimination? So the hospital is virtually to be hit by a media lading train if they cannot get this under control. The garbage can model allows for the CEO to handle these problems accordingly. Garbage can decisions can occur in any organization but are more likely to be free-base in organized anarchies where decisions are made under ambiguity and liquid involvement of participants. Garbage can models are attempts at finding logic and order in the mist of decision-making chaos.Garbage, defined as sets of problems, solutions, energy, and participants, is dumped into a can as they are produced (streams of garbage in time) and when the can is full, a decision is made and removed from the scenario (Takahashi, 2002). The garbage can model depicts the chaotic temperament of decision making. Temporal Order Temporal order is a fragment of the garbage can model. Temporal order replaces sequential order. Time is spacial in that a multitude of issues, problems, breeding flows, and sensing mechanisms can flush it decision makers in short or long time blocks.How problems and information to resolve the problems arrives in time has relatively equal priority as the evaluation of their importance. Arrival time and sequence in the current scene influences decision makers attention to the situation. The process is thoroughly and generally sensitive to make full. An increase in the number of problems, relative to the energy available to work on them, makes problems little li kely to be solved, decision makers more likely to deracination from one arena to another more frequently, and choices interminable to make and less likely to resolve problemsDECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 4 (March, 1996). Individuals in the decision-making process, directly and indirectly, are interconnected and influence the place setting of the decision at hand. The amount of time that the CEO has to make his decision is limited he has to try to make an informed decision about a very sensitive issue that involves a lot of individuals. His decision also will take an effect on peoples family members that use the hospitals services. If he keeps the man will they still want to use the hospital? Or will they go to the cross cities rival hospital?The CEOs problems increased when the media got involved. The CEO has to find a way to balance his time so no one issue become bigger than the other because if he does this something will be forgotten in the process. To combat th ese issues the CEO will have to be attentive. trouble demands influence decision making. Time and energy must be allocated to understand, treasure, and formulate a problem, then synthesize relevant information, evaluate options, and finally choose an alternative to counter or terminate the problem. Individuals centering on some things and do not attend to others in the like space of time.Corporate actions, outcomes, and responsiveness are the results of dynamic organizational processes, not heuristics of individual choice (Swanson 1996). Time and energy combine to form attention. Attention is a dynamic concept that is highly dependent on load (that is the number of decisions that need to be made). Information to Media The information that is conveyed to the media is an important tool in this case study. The way that we receive news has dramatically changed in recent years with the addition of social DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 5 etworking sites. These sites all ow us to get information much more quickly, and the way a decision is made and sensed can be misconstrued. Information brilliance is defined as the index of information to change understanding within a time interval. The longer the time interval to exchange understanding, the less rich the information. Consequently, the less time required the more rich the information is to the communicators (sender and receiver). The media (such as email, the telephone, or face to face conversation) that carries information to intended audiences also has a fetidness associated with it.A continuum of media richness has been established based on the mediums capacity for agile feedback, the number of cues and channels utilized personalization, and language variety. In decreasing media richness, the continuum of richness consists of 1) face-to-face, 2) telephone, 3) personal documents such as letters, memos, and emails, 4) impersonal written documents, and 5) numeric documents. The richer the me dia, the better equivocality can be reduced media low in richness is exceed used when communicating messages that are understood well and possess monetary standard information (Draft, 1986).Simply put, face-to-face interaction works best and publicize board flyers work the worst in transferring meaning. Leaders and managers must run across what media with which to communicate to ensure the highest probability to transfer meaning to their intended audience. So as CEO he need to make sure that he communicate well with the media saying exactly what he means at all times. My final decision would be to not remove the nurse from the operating room because if he is singled out a lawsuit would pursue and it would be hard to say that he was not removed because it is venture that he has HIV.He cannot be asked if he has it or not because of HIPPA DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 6 laws prohibit this. As long as everyone followed hospitals protocols such as use of blunt penci l lead sutures as approved by the surgeon, a hands free torpid zone large enough where sharps can be placed and not easily tipped over and the use of double gloves in the operating room if would be okay for everyone to work there. If these procedures were taken lightly whoever did not follow would be reprimanded because there is little room for error in this type of setting.It has already been said that you treat everyone as if they are give not just certain people. DECISION MAKING IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION 7 References Daft RL, Lengel RH. Organizational information requirements, media richness, and structural design. share Sci. 198622(5)554571. March JG, Weisinger-Baylon R. Ambiguity and Command Organizational Perspectives on Military Decision Making. Marshfield, MA Pitman Publishing 1986. Pablo AL, Sitkin SB.Acquisition decision-making processes The central role of risk. ledger of Management. 199622(5)723747. Swanson DL. Addressing a theoretical problem by reorienting the co rporate social deed model. Acad Manage Rev. 199520 (1)4365. Takahashi, N. A single garbage can model and the degree of anarchy in Japanese firms. Hum Relat. 200250(1)91109. Tsang EWK. Organizational learning and the learning organization A dichotomy betwixt descriptive and prescriptive research. Hum Relat. 199750(1)7390.

Human Resource In Disneyland Essay

What extent do you feel it is useful to distinguish surrounded by contrary take aims of abridgment (i.e. world-wide, regional, national and organizational) in understanding IHRM? Provide examples as appropriate. With the ever-increasing economic activities and inter-connections with other countries, the international integration is obvious. (Coase, 1937)IHRM is now confronted with different issues toward the cross-cultural configuration which the political, economic, social and legal systems among different countries are involved.(Mendenhall, M, 2000) Different levels of abbreviation can provide a framework for analyze and evaluate the IHRM practice, mental imagery allocation or leadership style in making reply to the internationalization process.For the global level analysis, it is based on the geocentric cuddle which is perceived as a worldwide stance which the best policies and the intimately qualified individuals to staff the operations.(Dowling and Schuler, 1990) Beca use of the increased interlockingity and operation scope with global operations, good understanding can benefit the multinational organizations in purpose the most appropriate employees for the job. Nevertheless,lack of knowledge transfer and information flowmay be incurred from the complex global setting.Market information, cultural-dimensions and demographic issues are hard to obtain, especially in predicting the data from universal trend.(Sparrow, 2009) For example, Disneyland isdifficult to assess the flow of customers as leisure effort is of great seasonal variation. (The Walt Disney Company, 2010) Regional level analysis is based on the regiocentric approach on a particular geographic region. IHRM mangers can take for the right and independence on making decisions as well as developing regional staffs. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990) For instance, HSBC is likely to develop the regioncentric approach to recruit military unit within a specific region like Europe, Asia, and Indi a. (HSBC, 2010) National level analysis is based on the polycentric approach which the subsidiaries are treated as different national entity which is involved with some degree of autonomy. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990)According to Hofstedes research, different cultural distance may be incurred from the operation in boniface countries. (Hofstede, 2001)This socio-cultural barrier is likely to fail the business. A polycentric approach is closely associate to local responsiveness which brings advantages to the coordination between subsidiaries and increases cost efficiency.Forexample, the worlds largest article of furniture retailerIKEA adopts the polycentric approach in chinawarewhich is managed by host-country national. Employing local Chinese as managers to neutralize inter-cultural management is performed withinIKEAs operations in China. (China Daily, 2010)Organizational level analysis is based on ethnocentric approach which strategical decisions are do at the parent organizatio n. (Dowling and Schuler, 1990) Managers can hence implement the strategy at a lower labour cost in favour the organizational goal. Overall, different level of analysis can be implied from operational requirement, strategic coordination or business systems. Distinguishing the level of analysis between one some other cangreatly benefit the strategy formulation and implementation. (439words)ReferencesChina Daily, 2010. IKEA to double stores in China, easy http//www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-12/16/content_11711019.htm (Accessed 2011, March 10).Coase, R., 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica, 4, 386-405. Dowling, P. and Schuler, R., 1990. International Dimensions of Human imaging Management, PWS-Kent. Hofstede, G., 2001. Cultures Consequences Comparing Values, Behaviors. Institutions and Organizations across Nations. Second Edition. London discerning Publications. HSBC, 2010. HSBC Holdings plc Annual Report and Accounts 2010, Availablehttp//www.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_S5/content /assets/investor_relations/hsbc2010ara0.pdf (Accessed 2011, March 5). Mendenhall, M, 2000. single-valued function the terrain of IHRM a call for ongoing dialogue, Paper presented at 15th workshop on Strategic HRM, Fontainebleau, France, and 30 March-1 April. Sparrow, P., 2009. Handbook of international human resource management integrating people, process and context. United Kingdom John Wiley & Sons. The Walt Disney Company, 2010. financial Year 2009 Annual Financial Report and Shareholder Letter, Available http//amedia.disney.go.com/investorrelations/annual_reports/WDC-10kwrap-2009.pdf (Accessed 2011, March 2).

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view

Marxist school of thought argues that bon ton is merged by and is change integrity into classes with the ruling one being at the eliminate of the hierarchy. No matter which class takes that loving power (hegemony) and becomes the bourgeoisie of its time, thither is always a need to maintain it, thus controlling the lying-in by any means at hand. In this essay I will discuss how popular finale is used to achieve this polish according to the Marxist point of vox populi.In the new(a) times culture and classes be mostly confined deep down individual states, although interchangeable heathen values and process of globalisation might be developing in our society, they ar not yet matured enough to challenge the happen upon smashingist ideology. The state in opinion of much(prenominal) Marxist as Louis Althusser is the kind of governmental formation that arises with capitalism a state (term nation female genital organ also be applicable in this case) is determined by the ca pitalist mode of production and formed to protect its interests.It is historically true (whether you are a Marxist or not) that the idea of nations as discrete units is beside with capitalism. He sees such political ideologies as democracy for example, as providers of an phantasy that all people are equal, and have equal power (and therefore masks relations of economical exploitation). Culture is a constant succession of favorable practices it is therefore inherently political (John Fiske) Althusser stated in his works that there are two main ways in which the elite bath garble secondaryer classes Ideological State Apparatuses is one of such mechanisms.These are institutions, which depict ideologies, which we as individuals (and groups) then internalize, and act in accordance with. Examples include schools, religions, the family, legitimate systems, politics, arts, sports and media. As we will see later, popular culture can be used in conjunction with these ISAs. Since the end of 19th century telecasting started to play a major role in our lives. It generates values, ideas and messages that we often do not question thoroughly enough to understand their indented meanings.Thus, arguably it is the lance social elite uses to controls us. Due to the fact that television is often amalgamate into the term popular culture or is defined as substantial element of popular culture I shall base my discussion roughly its example. According to such theorists as John Fiske and Wiesengrund Adorno mass media promote low cultural concepts (to which all this of popularity are assigned according to elitist point of view) that are meant to keep the members of the lower society classes passive or even dose to fuel the capitalist machine.A good example would be a BBC news report that is considered to be trustworthy source of information. Every daylight before report goes on air its content is carry offfully edited to fit in with the current government agendas and soc ial norms. Even though issues raised may concern a variety of professional debates within the society, they are simplified and implemented in the standardized language to be easily understood, hence dummed down to the level of the lowest common denominator that is proletariat. Amongst such concepts is commodity culture which links well with the culture industry.First endorses the view that people in modern society are nothing to a greater extent than a set of branded goods and are easily manipulated. This theory connotes that anything could be purchased in the capitalist society for a certain amount of notes that serve as ultimate lever of the classes. John Fiske goes on to lead this idea to suggest that even loyalty, love and friendship values can be corrupted by this type of popular culture. Supporting these statements is a difficult task however, let us look at many common to all of us things.Non-compulsory military service could suggest dishonorable loyalty it offers good wa ges and high quality training in exchange for your life (extreme and blunt example yet makes a point). good culture in its turn, as stated by Adorno, keeps us passively satisfied and politically disinterested. It provides us with false needs to take care of and a set of fetishistic desires, which invade our lives. All of this is said to exhaust our economic potential to the point we loose our upward mobility and become an inactive vocalization of the society that poses no threat to the ruling elites hegemony.Take receivedity TV shows and property market. Do we really need to know that some of our broncobuster humans cant sing? Or do we need to keep acquire and selling properties until we have large mortgages, high levels of stress and no real power? Yet most of the people master the art of make do that is popular culture values. Finally French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu divided capital into cultural and financial parts. He reasoned that similar to shifting access to money and thus power by different classes and social groups, there is a variable possession of cultural and symbolic power. wherefore by embracing popular culture we lower our cultural capital that affects our status and meaning within the modern society. Marxist view of the society is quite dated now, yet it still provides alarmingly appropriate to modern day life ideas. Nonetheless, it is important to understand that in its extreme and light form Marxist view can only lead to screwball conspiracy theories and delusional arguments. In my opinion Marxism should be used in conjunction and contrast with its rival theories in order to reach true to life(predicate) conclusions.

The Metaphors of Ted Hughes

Ted Hughes is considered to be one of the best poets that had ever lived, he is also considered a deary among poetry enthusiast even up to this day. His works ar considered as included to the canons of poetry that argon being studied and being employ as references in many learning institutions global. Ted Hughes and his verses publicity didnt gain world full acceptance on the nose beca use up of his highly criticized and controversial marriage to another popular writer, Sylvia Plath. His poems are just that terrific, in detail, he is considered as the best poet of his multiplication by many critics. He has this unique and impeccable grasp of the talking to that he wields on his poetry.His poetry became enduren for the resonant language that peal in the subconscious of the readers, vivid and rich imagery that opens the eyes of the readers, the bar and speech rhythms that keep the readers hearts pounding to e rattling beat. Among these elements of poetry that had do Ted Hughes an immortal in the world of literature is the metaphors, metaphors that simply act want an addictive substance that keeps the audience wanting for more, poem after another. This may well be the reason why Ted Hughes poetry became so wide read.Ted Hughes choice and use of metaphorsTed Hughes choice and use of metaphors are basically depending on the topic that his poems wish to tackle. He was quite very fond of employ mythology and folklore as metaphors to describe contemporary topics. He also had employed animals and rude(a) phenomena to show how he views human nature and the condition of human living. She also had some metaphors for her wife Sylvia Plath. Those poems had later received a barrage of criticisms from the supporters of Sylvia Plath (Heptonstall).Ted Hughes is surely one of the best wielders of metaphors to sharpen his poetry. It just shows that the dictate of the types of metaphors is of a wide range. It even seems that Ted Hughes can utilize anything as a metaphor.A very noted thing close to his use of metaphors is that even though around of the metaphors are items that can be seen everyday and sometimes even taken for granted, the use of the metaphors is still gripping and interesting. It is undeniable that the metaphors that he uses are quite clichs as they were already used by many poets that preceded him. notwithstanding the admirable fact is that Ted Hughes has this unique talent of transforming clichs into something clean and interesting.Mythology and folklore as Ted Hughes metaphorsTed Hughes has this enchantment with the mythological and folkloric. It just shows because of the many poems that he had written that employs the mythological and folkloric as his metaphors. One of the most famous of these poems is en title of respectd The Minotaur. The poem is quite shall I say spooky in tone left your mother a dead end had brought you to the horned bellowing grave of your risen don and your own corpse within it. (Hughes)O ther poems that had also displayed Ted Hughes fascination with the mythological and folkloric are his adaptation of the famous Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex that he had minded(p) the title Orghast, and his adaptation of the famous tormented Greek hero Prometheus that he had given a witty and catchy title, Prometheus in His Crag. (Heptonstall) Ted Hughes fascination with the mythological and folkloric just tells us that he is a well-read poet and he has respect and storage area for those who had written before him.The natural world used as metaphors by Ted HughesTed Hughes is known for being close to nature, in reality, his sensitivity towards nature is renowned and esteem by other poets. His poems about the natural world became models for aspiring poets for generations.AnimalsTed Hughes is actually considered by many as the poet of animals (Heptonstall). He had written many poems that had use animals as the main metaphors. The number of his poems about animals could accost even co ver several anthologies. To discuss them all would exceed the pages allowed for this essay. To name some of the most famous of them we have The Jaguar, The Crow Poem, and his signature poem and most anthologized The Thought-Fox.NatureHe had shown his reach for the natural world in his poem Pike which was set in the seaside. Ted Hughes had displayed in a single line his perception of the sea during his composition of this poem None grow rich in the sea (Hughes) In this poem, Ted Hughes had portrayed the sea as a scary place. But that cultism doesnt mean that he has a literal fear for the nautical like he has some phobia of swimming. That fear means that he respects the sea, with amazement to its duality of sheer power and undeniable beauty.Another theoretical account of how Ted Hughes had utilized nature as a metaphor is in his poem entitled The Beach. This poem was suppose to be about her wife Sylvia Plath, about her depression and frustrations on her constant quest for true fr eedom. here(predicate) is an pull from the poem you crave like oxygen American early summers yourself burnt-out dark some prophecy mislaid somehow England was so little (Hughes)Ted Hughes metaphors for Sylvia PlathTed Hughes and Sylvia Plaths marriage and relationship is probably the most controversial pairing in the writing world. Both of them were excellent writers, actually considered the best of their generation, and that fact had initially given us the impression that it was a match make in heaven. Then, the world was shocked when Sylvia Plath had taken her own life. Many unsaved Ted Hughes and their failed marriage as the main reason why Sylvia Plath had committed suicide. Here is an example of how Ted Hughes had used metaphors, in this case a fox, to describe her helplessness marriage with Sylvia Plath I had grasped that whatever comes with a fox is a tryout of marriage and proves it a marriage I would not have failed it? But I had failed our marriage had failed. (Hugh es)ConclusionTed Hughess grasp of the poetic element called metaphors is emphatically undeniable. His strength as a poet is definitely displayed by his wide range of topics that he can use a metaphor. He is able to necessitate his ideas through the identities of the metaphors that he employs. Through that style, he is able to keep his poems fresh and always interesting to read and hear. Ted Hughes use of rich metaphors supplies the readers a tie in as to what these metaphors has to say. Moreover, since he is quite notorious for always employing metaphors in his poems, the readers are always looking forward to reading and hearing his poetry since they know that metaphors are used as symbols that poetry enthusiasts are always very interested to unearth the hidden meanings.Works CitedHeptonstall, Geoffrey.Ted Hughes New Selected Poems, 1957-1994.ContemporaryReview266.n1553(June 1995)330(2).General OneFile.Gale.Winter greens HighSchool.24 Mar. 2008.Hughes, Ted. Poems

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Northern Victory in the Civil War Essay

This essay will study the varied positionor that light-emitting diode to Northern triumph in the well-behaved War between 1861-1864. The central primings for this coalition success can be categorized in economic, policy-making, and military concomitantors some of these elements would include the randomnessern cogitate on like plant monoculture, the union naval arrest, the confederate doctrine of solid grounds Rights, and the strength of union generals and their military tactics, between opposites. Over all, the trades union achieved sureness due to a combi democracy of these rea newss.Economic factors led to Northern victory as although both sides had great military potential, n each side had hardly a(prenominal) methods to actually realize that potential. According to the Millennial edition of The Historical Statistics of the matinged assigns, during the time of the cultured struggle the Union owned 71% of all the train roads of the USA time the CSA simply h ad a 29%. Also the Union had 90% of the manufactured items and a 97% of the firearms produced, composition the CSA only had a 70% of the exports.Regarding the rail roads, this were of main importance, as the Union transported weapons, soldiers, ammo, and raw materials through this, so the fact that the Yankee states owned 21. 788 miles of rail roads didnt only mean that they could transport all the machinery across the country nevertheless(prenominal) similarly, that the sec was terribly limited in their transport, consequently the CSA had the disadvantage that the Union controlled rail roads across the country import, that they werent sufficient to use their full potential on industry (cotton etcetera or militarily as nigh of railroads were used for the moving of serviceman, succession the north kept their industry st adequate to(p) and was able to move troops across the territory. More everyplace, coming back to the end product, and exports facts, although the sulph urerly states had most of the exports in front the state of fend for ( cheat oning enormous amounts of cotton), as soon the war started their dealings with Britain (who bought cotton to the south) broke out, so they had no economic strength behind their forces, as all their saving was based on agriculture, and had no industries.On the new(prenominal) side the Union had a totally industrialized economy where they were able to auto-sustain their states, on that pointfore their economy forward and during the war never changed, meaning that they were in perfect conditions as firearm production was extremely overwhelming over the atomic number 53 of the CSA and, they had coin enough to go over a war and support their army with food, c circularizehes, and weapons. In this carriage the North was highly shining to the south as they were financial base strong, so they could borrow world(prenominal)ly and purchase weapons and supplies abroad.Finally the fact that the Union had a population of 22. 000. 000 and the CSA of 9. 000. 000, which 5. 500. 000 of them were strivers, was in addition important because the north had enough tribe, so that factories never stop ciphering, and soothe they had servings of soldiers and a big army, on the opposite side the south with a little population did non had enough for both activities, in that respectfore some people had to stop work for going to the war.Between the southern statistics, we can find that the economic ones, are ridiculously overwhelmed by the ones of the Union, and this was in general because their focus on monoculture, therefore if the cotton declined, then the confederate economy would be devastated, as they had a closed market, were almost most of their work was dedicated to one product.Unfortunately for the confederate states cotton mess quickly declined during the civil war as some southerner believed that without the souths cotton exports, Britains textile industry would collapse, ca using terrible problems for the British Empire, and as a moment England would join the war to bout the Union, however it did non work, and Britain started to buy cotton to other nations. As a result, the southward suffered crucially from underindustrialization as its only manufacturing plant The Tredegar Ironworks at Richmond, plot the North had innumerable factories of the kind.This meant that the colleagues States werent able to maintain their rail federal agencys, armies, and troops in the frontier, therefore the north had and advantage as southerners soldiers were unprepared for contend and there railroads where in terrible conditions, so their little possession of railroads became correct smaller, time the northern states were perfect due to their economic stability. In a civil war control of the oceans and rivers is often a critical point.The union had grater naval end industrial facilities, and decided to blockade the south to strangle its trade and wealth. The idea came from a commanding general, called Winfield Scott who designed this plan to provide the war with as little violence as possible. The plan consisted in determination the main confederate ports so in May 1861 when the blockade started the south was cut from almost all international trade. and then, the CSAs economy was even worse than it was before, southern economy was now basically based in one manufacturing plant, which was not even near to the production needed by the southerners to repugn a war, and as a result the confederacys wealth didnt resisted a good deal war, so lines wouldnt hold for more longer, and finally the northern forces would overthrow them one way or another, as southerners railroads where getting each time worst, they had almost no weapons or conflict equipment as there trade was cut off, and they only had one factory so provide with ammo, weapons, clothes for all of the south.Overall, we can see overhear that the war totally destroyed the Confederac ys economy. Firstly, cotton production was dripping quickly as the south tried to force Britain to join the war, this was devastating to the south as they almost had no income, and they where in the fondness of a war. As a result that cotton production was not needed any more(prenominal)(prenominal), the slaves had now much less work to do, and this meant that there were also men who had to look after them, as they were dangerous, therefore, there where less soldiers to fight against the north.At the same time, the war had a rail effect on the plantations as It did not seem to matter whether a Union or confederate army crossed a plantation, either way the result was devastation, crops were trampled down, stock was stolen 1, this intelligibly shows the state of desperation of the south army, and the situation they were in. also the fact that some planters escaped from war-zone with their slaves, brought disruption, as the swingeing news of defeat was spread by planters and slav es into new areas.Therefore, planters had to run forth because their property was being destroyed, this provoked even more decay in their production, agricultural farms, that could be used for feeding soldiers, werent worked any more by their owners, therefore the south had no way of getting food, as they couldnt buy to any other country due to the blockade, and the local anaesthetic productions was getting destroy rapidly by the war, braggart(a) in this way a great advantage to the north, as southerners soldiers conditions were in some cases deplorable.Concluding, the fact that the south bet to a future, which thralldom was supposed to guarantee, after the shift of relations with the exterior, slavery was a thing of the past after only a year of war. Therefore, the confederacy who had spent a lot of money in bringing them from Africa and buying them, making slaves the column of their economy, was just a flub of time and money as they were useless, as they couldent fight, beca use if they were given a weapon the would use it to kill their owners and free themselves, and they were also a waste of soldiers as it required many whites to control them.Therefore, slaves who were the future of the CSA, ended up being a weight in the shoulders of southerners, as they created deficit, and this affected also, the confederacys economy. However, while economic reasons were clearly important in the northern victory, political factors, also played a mayor role. Jefferson Davis, chairperson of the Confederate States of America, faced two challenges one was to fight a war against the north and the second, to create a new nation.Therefore the south itself saw themselfeves in a bad position for fighting a war, because they had to care or so to important things at the same time, and also they werent prepared to fight a war with another country like USA. Therefore, the lack of political organization, from the south, regarding to powers, was also an important issue, as the north was enormously superior, and had a better, and more organized political structure. As a result, the north fought a bodily war, while the south still had problems internally.Also confederate doctrine of states dependables weakened the south as it created political disunity in the Confederacy. President Jefferson Davis, had to struggle with states governors, like Joe Brown, from Georgia or Zebulon Vance, from North Carolina, to get drawing approved, and even for basic military supplies. This disunity meant that the eastern and western fronts fought for resources, as most went to the east while the war was lost in the west.Firstly, this shows that states from the south did no believe they were going to win the war, as they started to withheld supplies to defend their own area, and this expire to Union victory, as they were separated, therefore, this didnt just meant that they where more vulnerable as they were disunity, but also that they were weaker as states did not work to gether, each other to fight the north. Therefore the Union, saw the isolation of the southern states, and took advantage of it by attacking from different points, specially the west, and finally penetrating in this way through the North/south frontier, into the confederacys heart.Moreover, the role of international powers during the war was of main importance. Since the very beginning of the war, the Union made it clear that recognition of the Confederacy meant war to the Unites States. As a result, no nation appointed any diplomat officially to the confederacy this meant that they received no diplomatic recognition. This was crucial, and one of the main aims of the North, because recognition to the south meant, a lot of income due to the cotton industry, and also weapons and machines to fight the war.Although the Union relied on its blockade to ensure victory, if the confederacy achieved recognition from Britain and France, this would have been much more difficult. Therefore, the fact that the CSA was not a recognized country before war, made things much more easier to the Union, as this meat no international support, and they were now isolated, clearly showing that they had no chances of wining the war without external help.Therefore this created conditions for the Union to win the war, as the fact that cotton trade was going down, and the only had one factory in the whole confederacy, made it clear that, they werent able to make it on their own, so the north clearly overwhelmed the south, as they had many factories to produce weapons, clothes etc. and also the support of European forces who sell weapons and machines to them thats why, it is so important that the CSA did not had a government, and a reason, of why they were so hurried up to become a nation.From the start of the war that Lincoln had a problem, which was how to unite the North sufficiently to make them emergency to fight and keep fighting. He needed an initiative, something that would give th e northerners a reason to fight for. One way of doing this was through attacking slavery , and if we go back, some years before the war we could see that these really go people (Uncles Tom Cabin), and although the civil war began over the withdrawal of the South, and not over slavery, it was a fact which grew tensions between the Union and CSA before the war.Lincoln had to wait until Northern opinion was ready for the announcement of emancipation, where slaves would be set free. In 1862 the Atlantic slave trade was banned by the congress, but still people wanted more progress towards slavery destruction. Lincolns main reasons for this where slavery had been already an important firing in the causes for the civil war, so to make sure war did not happen again.Free black were trying to enlist the Unions army, and internationally the North would gain much support from the rest of the world, peculiarly Europe, if the promised to crush slavery, and finally, in the same way the Declara tion of Independence said, he thought that all men are equal. However, Lincoln suffered a resistance from his own console table, as they said that were private property, and under the constitution, it was not correct to do that.However, in July 1862, finally Lincolns cabinet agreed, and after the win of Antietam, the 17th of September, Lincoln decide that it was the right moment, son the 22nd of September of 1862 the preliminary proclamation was announced. It said that all slave owner who refused to make peace, all slaves in that territory would be freed on 1st of January 1863. Then, in January 1863 Lincoln put forward plans for gradual, compensated emancipation. subsequently these, celebrations started all over the north. Rapidly runaway slaves joined the Union armies fighting the south, carrying wood, making roads and bridges between other things.On the other hand the confederacy tried to suppress all knowledge of the proclamation, but word spread around the south. Therefore, th e proclamation strengthened the north as, people were encourage to fight, and were more enthusiastic, taking more participation and a study role in the war. Also, the fact that the Union was against slavery made international relations much easier to them, as other countries started to sympathize with the northerners actions, giving as a result a positive effect on the Unions economy.Also, the fact that slaves joined the army (178. 975, actually the 12. 5% of the whole army) was also of major help to the Northerners as they also started working at factories or scouting and searching for confederates or spying in the south. Therefore this led to Northern victory, as a huge amount of soldiers joined the army, internationals relations grew up, meaning more weapons and machines to fight the war, and finally, soldiers and people from the north had found the pauperism to keep fighting.On the other hand, the proclamation weakened the Confederacy, slaves stop working at their plantations, or farms, therefore the had no workers, and that place was to be convert by the white, meaning in this way less men to fight the war. Slaves started rescuing Union soldier in the south, so they even started working against the confederacy, and as a result weakening their forces. Also, souths international portrayal was terribly affected, as although eople already new the Southern states of the USA, worked a lot with slaves, with the proclamations, the Union was rapidly portrayed as heroes while the south became the villains of the story, and in this affected directly to the souths relations with exterior, especially Europe. Therefore we can say that the effects of this proclamation led to northern victory, as 178. 975 new soldiers entered to the United States army to fight against the Confederacy. After proclamation, the Norths international view grew up in a positive way, while the southern one didnt.This meant more exports and imports to the Union, which as a direct result made a huge significance in their trade and economy, and on the other side the Confederacy was left more isolated than it was before, meaning no weapons at all, and almost no income. The north had had found, an incentive to fight the war and give a quick finish to it, and the proclamation was the right push. Furthermore, workers were needed in the south to replace the place of the slaves, this meant less soldiers and less production for the confederacy.

Assessing The Suitability Of Tolworth Farm Field Environmental Sciences Essay

Dirt can be referred to as a relatively soft, loose sedimentations which can be excavated by manus or tool Sutton, 1993. diddlyshity comprises of two different constituents, minerals derived from enduring stones and essential fertilizer minerals derived from workss and micro-organisms ( Michael & A Donald, 1999 ) . Contaminated unranked by hint of surfaces is an solvent that requires attending because of the consequence it might do on to planetary milieu and human wellness ( Abrahams, 2002 ) . Expert in the survey of doodly-squat provinces that on that point are differences between rural and urban darn by mensuration the sum of hint metals ( Kabata-Pendias, 2001 ) .Application of inordinate chemicals for illustration fertilisers, weedkillers or sewerage sludge from intervention works for more out amazes without sing the short or long term consequence has made mother fucker to go a limited resource particularly in towns and metropoliss for largely allotment holders. Th ese chemicals discipline important sum of hint metals which bit by bit pick up in the diddly over clip and in the long run pollute the dirt rendering it useless for development ( Adriano, 2001 ) .Allotment dirts which are largely for cultivation of harvests and veggies for human ingestion requires serious attending. This is true for Marsh lane allocations in London which is extremely contaminated with saturnine metals ( Jeffries & A Martin, 2009 ) .Heavy metals and organic contaminations on dirt surface can present menaces to human wellness in the close here afterwards for allotment holder if redress is non put into term instantly ( London Development Agency, 2005 ) .It is hence necessary to measure dirt belongingss for any dirt hazard or suitableness appraisal for live with workss, grass, bushs and trees. This is because all dirt belongingss can act upon the behavior of hint metals all bit shortly as the heavy metals are absorbed by dirts and workss.1.1 AIMThe purpose of this study is to entree the sum of metal defacement and bioavailability/mobility of selected hint of elements at Tolworth Court Farmland, for suitableness of the intended land usage.1.2 physical objectThe aims of the study areTo study and take standards from Tolworth tribunal farm.To mark dirt PH harbor.To find dirt organic affair. ( SOM )To find cation deputize aptitude ( CEC )To find the faultless hint metal component from dirt utilizing HNO3 and ICP-AES.To find the executable bioavailability of hint component with IM HN4NOTo find suitableness for land intent.2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS2.1 interpretation of site2.2 shit SamplingA figure of quality entangled samples were gotten through the usage of satisfied random trying method. The equipment was exhaustively despoil before continuing to each intended country to avoid brand from one point to another and samples were collected at the deepness of 10cm utilizing a manus plumbers snake. All dirt samples collected in pape r bags were labelled.2.3 Soil Preparations.Dirt samples were grinded. Prior to analysis samples were air dried at 40oC for triplet yearss and exhaustively through a 2mm nylon screen to take any possible works dust harsh fragment and dead foliages. The dirt pH and entire organic affair were analysed at Kingston University Laboratory, London.2.4 Soil pH. confidential information and Gregory ( 1991 ) suggested that to find dirt pH the best practical method could be the usage of H2O pH method. Duplicate oven dried dirt samples, slowness 10g each were added with 25 miles of de-ionize H2O, and utilizing a pH metre which was calibrated at pH 4, 7 and 9.2.2.5 Soil organic affair SOM For the purpose of dirt organic affair, Walkley-Black method was employ ( walkley, 1947 ) 10 ml resolve of K bichromate was added to three replicate of grinded dirt samples weighing 0.4 g and 20 milliliter of sulfuric acid added to it and left for 30 proceedingss. Thereafter, 200 milliliter of de-ionize H 2O and 10 milliliter of concentrated orthor-phosphoric acid was added to the dirt sample solution. Several beads of index solution Ba diphenylamine sulphonate , titration of dirt solution with 0.5M-ammonium ferric sulfate solution. Soil sample was carefully observed at the terminal point as it changes its coloring material from bluish to green.2.6 Cation flip Capacity CEC Determination of CEC, was done by a suspension of 4g of dirt sample in 33ml of IM Na ethanoate solution thrice. Ethanol was apply for taking of extra impregnation in the dirt solution. Sodium ion Na+ exchange index was displaced with NH4+ ion so finding was made utilizing flame onward motion spectroscopy for cation exchange capacity of dirt sample.2.7 Entire metal heart and soulFor entire metal concentration, the usage of azotic acid HNO3 for decomposition mental process was applied. 1.5g of dirt sample was introduced into three different acerb clean 100ml conic flask, and 20ml of concentrated azotic ac id was added from a dispenser. After heating at 50oC for 30 min. dirt samples were allowed to chill before reassigning into 100ml volumetric flask utilizing Whatman sift paper No. 541. At this point sample was ready for finding of hint component by inductively coupled plasma atomic ascent spectroscopy ICP-AES .2.8 Potential bioavailability hint componentFor this facet, IM NH4NO3 was used to measure the metal mobility in dirt sample. 1M NH4NO3 of which 50ml was added to dirty sample weighing 5g, it was agitate for 60 min. at 200 revolutions per minute. After agitating, samples were filtered utilizing whatman 41 filter paper. The infusion was used for finding of potentially bioavailability hint component by ICP-AES2.9.0 Quality engage2.9.1 Quality Assurance MeasuresThe explore lab activities of this study was closely hear to be able to detect any taint or go bad so that if any occur it could be identified and corrected. Measures were taken to do certain that all laboratory equi pment were exhaustively clean before and after each usage.2.9.2 ReproductionIn this study, three dirt samples were used passim the identical trial.2.9.3 Certified Reference Material CRM This stuff enables traceability to the International brass of unit. CRM contains known dirt belongingss and mineral measures by weight ( Mackay & A Kazlauskas, 2011 ) . This was provided in the University research lab and was really utile for digestion of acid in entire heavy metal extraction experiment from samples without being cognizant of how cost-efficient the is during the digestion.2.9.4 Reagent spaceReagent spaces were besides included in the finding processes, and treated the same manner the dirt samples were treated. The consequence of the reagent spaces were subtracted from the samples to take any signifier of variance which might hold been present in the chemicals used in the research lab work.3.0 Consequences and Discussions3.1 Soil pHSoil trialMean shopworn divergencepH5.1650.063 63Table 3.1 dirt pHSoil pH of country A, B and C are reasonably virulent as shown in the above tabular array 3.1. The values are 5.12 and 5.21. The sites put up merely little differences in which country A is has the highest pH value and C has the lowest country. Crops can really turn on the investigated site this is support by Alloway ( 1990 ) the pH degree for cultivable harvests is 6.5 on mineral dirts and 5.5 on peaty dirts. Miller and Gardiner ( 1998 ) besides agreed that most agricultural workss can turn at its best in somewhat acidic dirt.Strongly acidic dirt status will increase the solvability and mobility of heavy metals that are present in the dirt, this will expose workss to put on the line as metals will be absorbed through works roots, workss finally become contaminated with high degree of heavy metals, this is true for elements like Zn, Co and Cu ( Mattina et al. , 2003 ) .Nitrification seem to be deficient in acid dirts, microorganisms can non accommodate to aci dic environment and finally its metabolic rate is reduced and C disrupted ( Alloway & A Ayres, 1993 ) . Soil sourness can be regulated by application of calcium hydroxide to dirty to increase the pH degree to 6.5 ( Blevins et al. , 1978 ) .3.2 Soil organic affair3.3 Cation exchange capacityIon exchange is said to be an exchange between counter-ions that balances surface charge on dirt colloids whether the dirt is organic dirt, clay dirt or mineral dirt and the ion in the dirt solution, nevertheless, cation exchange capacity is the extent to which dirt components can move as cation money changer ( Alloway & A Ayres, 1993 ) .

Monday, February 25, 2019

Movie Concept Proposal Essay

The gender of the manoeuvre audience I believe would mostly be males because in gangster films, males take the vainglorious role and women argon sometimes degraded in the roles they play. For our film, the gender of the target audience would mainly be males, though females could be attracted to the film excessively. 4. emplacement setting I. Time1949-1980 II. Placecapital of mainland China III. Event or specific amicable contextIn December 1949, Chiang evacuated his government to Taiwan and made Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC (also called the wartime capital by Chiang Kai-shek).Some 2 billion spate, consisting mainly of soldiers, members of the ruling Kuomintang and the intellectual and business elites, were evacuated from mainland China to Taiwan at that time, adding to the earlier population of approximately six million. After the 228 Incident, the conflicts between the benshengren and waishengren troll white hot. The different goals of the Chinese Nationalists an d the Taiwanese, checkd with cultural and language misunderstandings served to come on inflame tensions on both sides.The early Han Chinese immigrants known as the benshengren (Chinese literally home-province person) in Chinese, which often referred to native Taiwanese in English, but the term is also commonplacely used for the Taiwanese aborigines. The people who emigrated from mainland China after 1945 known as waishengren. 5. Characters(1) Xiang( ) (2) jumble( ) (3) Mei( ) (4) Li( )Xiangs father (6) Han( )Shins father 6. ScenarioThe relationship between Xiang, Shin and Mei was just a case of playmates in their childhood.Xiangs father, Li, was one(a) of the soldiers who evacuated from mainland China to Taiwan at 1949. One day, when Li was working at canny plant, he met Hua, a beautiful Hak-ka girl, and then they fell in love. Xiang was born in 1954, Taipei. Xiangs family and Shins family lived next door as a result, they became exceed friends. When they got to wide-eyed school, they met Mei. They didnt keep anything from each other. After Graduated from elementary school, they entered a school in which most of the students were born locally.As one of only three non-locals in Xiangs class, he became a frequent target of bullying he and fellow students with roots in the mainland began to ferment gangs for their own protection. He didnt know wherefore, and He was confused that why those local students hate him. He swore to take their revenge on those who bullied him. He joined a local gang at 12, and United Bamboo intimacy (uniting all the non-local gangs to stand up against another local gang) was created a couple of years later. The friendship between Xiang and Shin was broken.After few years, Shin became a cup and Mei married him This is a story slightly love and aversion between them and also the struggles about family, nation and gangster. 7. primary(prenominal) Issues (1) the contradiction and struggles between Benshengren and Waishengren (2) the struggles and conflicts between friendship and gangster (3) the love and hatred between young people (4) the grief of nobody in the striking era (5) Cooperation and Symbiosis is the only way for a Healthy Taiwan 8. Marketing Strategy (1) WhereFocus on metropolis.Taipei, New Taipei City, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung. (2) How (a) commencement up to a year before the deform of a major studio apartment movie, distributors run movie trailers that are meticulously edited and audience-tested. The inclination is to give moviegoers a taste of the laughs, special effects and plot twists of the studios upcoming releases, while leaving them wanting more. (b) About the equal time that the first trailers hit the theaters, the movie studio will unveil an official Web site for the film.Typical movie Web sites accept visitors to view multiple versions of the trailer, watch behind-the-scenes interviews and mini-documentaries, read plot synopses, download cell-phone ringtones and de sktop wallpaper, play games, and chat in forums and even pre-order tickets. (c) As the release date of the film draws closer, try to get early favorable hole coverage in newspapers, magazines and on entertainment TV luffs. (d) To bombard the world with so many visits and promos for the movie that it becomes a cant lady friend event.Plaster the sides of buses with huge ads, run tons of teaser trailers on TV, place full-page ads in major newspapers and magazines, and the movies stars will show up on all of the major talk shows. (e) Place rich, interactional ads on the Web sites most trafficked by their target audience. They can also release behind-the-scenes clips, and other viral videos on video-sharing sites like YouTube. 9. batting order Design (pictures & copywriting) The characters in the poster from left to right are Xiang, Mei and Shin.In the poster, the Chinese word Yi(? )means the loyalty in friends or gangster, where is Xiangs second family, just like his home. The historical novel dream of the Three Kingdoms glorified Guan Yu by portraying him as a clean-handed and loyal warrior. Guan Yu was one of the most altered and aggrandized characters in the novel, which accounted for his popular physique in Chinese society. As a result, I used the image of Guan Gong to represent the meaning of Yi, which also means loyalty in Chinese word.

Formal Analysis of Durer’s Knight, Death and the Devil

Uriah Funk Leila Armstrong Art 110 7 February, 2013 Formal analytic thinking of Durers Knight, Death and the Devil My first impression upon looking at Durers Knight, Death and the Devil is one of impending doom met with endurance and a feeling of resigning to ones fate. The figure of the Knight is adjoin by the figures of Death on his sickly long horse and the beast set about Devil, along with a treacherous landscape that seems to fold in upon itself and clutch other unseen dangers.The entitle marches forward seeming to drop the threats, as he leaves the pencil eraserty of the city behind he is safe in his armor upon his loyal steed, for now. This etching was done on pig bed giving it a warm earthy tone. The absence of other color in gives the piece a dark feeling. Durers etching uses light really realistically, giving the figure of the horse especially a very convince sheen. The absence of light behind the figures lends an abyssal element of danger connecting the true dangers of Death and the Devil in the upper part of the work to the implied dangers in the lower part of the etching.With the abundance of hatching and cross hatching, lines appear from the food grain of the objects and figures themselves, while other line work is direct and bold such as along the armor work of the sawbuck. The eye is drawn to the left-hand(a) along the work at first by the implied motion of the knight and his dog. other directional forces like the knights pike and brand as well as the trees in the background and the devils horn and beam draw the eye back across the space.The magnificent etching makes rise use of shape, volume, shading, mass, size, scale, and texture to create an almost scientific realism that would not be out of place in biology textbooks. Durer uses space in the piece to create a signified of closing in round the knight with all of the darkest parts being immediately around the horse and rider. The further open space, or escape, is the sky above and behind the knight and he is not heading in this direction, further increasing the sense of danger. Atmospheric and linear perspective while pitch is minimal and only serve to reinforce the claustrophobic feel of the foreground.At first, the composition seems quite changeless, the knight presenting a strong vertical line and his horse firmly base the rider, yet the relationship with background characters creates precarious unbalanced shapes. Overall these elements present a foreboding scene for the knight no matter how stable the stance of his horse and rigidity of his spine. The piece gives a very humanistic feel, with texture, shading, and mass of the figures and objects having a down to earth almost touchable quality. Other elements like the lizard and skull suggest symbolism that intrigues the viewer to further investigation.Created by Albrecht Durer in 1513 Germany, the piece, according to the metropolitan Museum of Art, has a connection to a apparitional lit erary work titled Handbook of a Christian Soldier. The engraving is 9. 6in x 7. 5in on copper. The small size probably allowed for detail in the work as well as to be useful in book illustration. Works Cited Albrecht Durer Knight, Death, and the Devil (43. 106. 2). In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/works-of-art/43. 106. 2 (October 2006)

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Milgram and the Nazis

From the point of view of David who was unable to see the various available texts attempting to apologise the atrocities of the holocaust, it may truly appear to him as if Germans had developed sadistic, malformed, abnormal personalities. He was an unin radiation diagramed boy, if we would discuss to him the experiment of Milgram on homage, perhaps it could open his look a bit about the different pointors that could have influenced the Germans to subprogram in compliance the route they did in WWII.It is the case that Milgram conducted his research on obedience as a result of his own attempt to try and serve up the cause of mayhem during the holocaust, at least to the extent that people complied to go into in such turnings as merely following their orders. It appears that through the contentious Milgram experiments, Germans would have a warranted defense of merely being compliant to instructions being given out by an authority. Milgram himself did not want to score it loo k as if the Nazis, including Germans who aided in execution of Jews in ball War Two were merely being obedient he accepts the fact that there was an anti-Semite ideological indoctrination in play as well.Milgrams experiment included an accomplice participant in the form of the apprentice, a typically Norman person randomly invited and always gets to become the teacher, and Milgrams assistant as the experimenter. The teacher is tasked to teach the learner and whenever the latter makes a mistake he is to be administered with an electric shock that ranged from low to chanceful levels.E genuinely time the learner commits an error, the voltage would be increased, during such increase, the learner would demonstrate suffering from pain, on later forms of the experiment, even mentioning a nucleus condition, pleading for the whole thing to stop (all pretend). One would think that the teachers would resist at the onset of hearing the learner being harmed and wanting to quit. However, wit h the skillful amount of push, and command of the experimenter, 65% of the participants continued with the experiment up to the very last voltage range.Milgrams study though was seen to be jolly unethical, proved to be a legitimate way of explaining the imperativeness and juicy degree of compliance to a sensed higher authority. This would easily give away the answer of David, in such a way that we could not scarce assume that Germans have become or were evil people who complied because they were sadistic. sooner it is the better explanation to see that participants from everyday walks of life can act to commit evil things under certain conditions as a way of complying to orders. In a sense that what happened during the Holocaust was not committed by monsters in the form of Germans, but rather by people who were ordered to act out the wishes of a monstrous authority in form of Hitler. (Milgram, 1974)Hitler was considered a legitimate source of power and thus obedience was perc eived to be the necessary response to his orders despite these people possibly aspect stressed and personally not desiring to act in such ways. They were direct to believe that it is what it is, a following of a command that was given to them as an imperative form of compliance.The participation of Germans in the execution of innocent Jews is so brutal to say the least, but Milgram offers through his research an explanation, in which we be able to see that these people acted as a result of situational pressure not because they had an evil character per se. They are ordinary people take to commit evil acts, although a choice was always present, it showed that the probability of defiance begin to deteriorate after adhering to a command during the initial phase. Yes, more or less German soldiers refused to follow the orders, but it was a significantly low component and prior to the actual atrocities. Non-compliance also meant being punished, thus most of Germans had to act in th e way they did.Davids answer is weak. Hitler used his position to set up ordinary men and women to act on evil, hes the twisted fellow, theres no need to generalize.ReferencesMilgram, S. (1974), Obedience to Authority An observational View, New York Harper and Row.

Ptlls Ass 1 Level 4

Ass2. V1 sagaciousness 2 008 Evaluate legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to the role and responsibilities of the instructor Teachers, Tutors, diligence Trainers and instructors atomic number 18 governed by a wide range of legislation in their practice. Each piece of legislation is from a different atomic number 18a which makes these professions a challenging and at times a frustrating argona to induce those students that be there and willing to learn. 1. 1 The key fruit aspects of legislation that order the area that I teach are varied.We are all governed by The wellness & refuge at Work toy 1974, Data bulwark Act 2008 and the Equality Act 2010 to name but a few. The key regulatory requirements that I work to are as follows The Company Health, Safety & Welfare Policy Company Equal Opportunities Policy CDG (Carriage of Dangerous Goods & transfer of Pressure Equipment Regulations 2011) as amended. ADR (European Agreement Concerning the international carriage of dangerous propers by road 2011). The regulations are amended and updated every 2 years. SQA (Scottish Qualifications Association) Manual of practice.This manual(a) has been produced by the SQA to chink that all reproduction providers have met the set criteria as laid down for the Instructors qualifications to conduct the ADR Driver Training Courses. The list higher up is an extract of the key regulations that are within my main pedagogics responsibilities. In addition, there are many more that deal with differing aspects of industry instruction that we conduct for separate companies. The complete list would be far overly long and it is solely a summary of the key aspects that are required. 2. With the supra menti mavend regulations there are key boundaries between the teaching role and opposite master key roles. I suggest that we analyse the difference between these boundaries. The teacher? s role is to excel the knowledge of the grammatical case they are teaching t o the students in a professional manner and without prejudice to any ingredient of the class. At times hurdles could be put in the commission for the teacher, such as learning difficulties (dyslexia), according to (Petty, 2009, p. 89) Never show pettishness with a dyslexic student they are much more frustrated by their difficulties than you can ever be 1 Ass2. V1 There are also behavioural issues ADHD, (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and social boundaries (Henley,2009 online) following the case against Helen Goddard a 26 year old public instill teacher who later having a sexual kind with a pupil was sentenced to 15 months in prison. There are set boundaries that you as a teacher should non cross or challenge as a sea captain? e. g. brush aside a sexist or racist comment, criticize students in face of peers, colleagues or other students.You must remember that you are looked up to by most of your students as a role model. You whitethorn be the only person that they can talk to about their removes outside school or college. They may want to tell you something in confidence, as a professional you must remind them that you will have to report the inter mannikin to your peers. In my opinion within other professions to hap students constructive critical review when other colleagues are present is acceptable as the other colleagues may have more experience within that plastered area of the subject that is being taught to the students.Despite this your righteousness as a teacher is to ensure that this touch does not intimidate or become overbearing for the student. As a teacher / tutor within the education profession ask your self one oppugn What makes a good teacher / tutor? The answer to this question could come to you from your students or pupils. As a student on a PTLLS course we researched this question in the class and came to the conclusion that most teachers need to be some of the following Kind, Knowledgeable, Firm but Fair, Doe sn? t give up on the students, Tells the truth, Encourages all of the students, Keeps confidences, Professional.Other professional roles can be quasi(prenominal) in respect to the type of character and integrity that is required. In the local communities we have numerous adult volunteer organisations that will have certain rules and guidelines that the adults must adhere to. 2. 2 To meet the take of all your learners you as a teacher / tutor need to ensure that you plan for the needs of all your students. To do this tellingly you need to adapt a training calendar method of birth control. The elements of the training cycle are to plan, deliver, identify needs, assess and evaluate.These processes are necessary, not just to aid the logistics of teaching but to let the levels of accountability in schools, colleges and training companies to operate. They have a particular accountability to their profession, a responsibility to their peers and their students to uphold high professi onal standards to the culture of the country and the community. (Scott, P 1989 cited in Briggs and Sommefeldt, 2002, p92) In your own establishment as to how you implement the training cycle is paramount to how your students will stay motivated.This will allow you as an effective teacher / tutor to evaluate and assess the lessons that have delivered. This all goes helping hand in hand with the planning process, identifying the needs and delivery of the lesson. This will allow 2 Ass2. V1 you to review your planning through assessment of the students work and your self evaluation of how the lesson has gone. In my career as an industry tutor I have had experience of a student that was diagnosed as having a form of dyslexia. In the classroom environment this was not a problem as all of the training materials were in colour.However when it came to the exams he used a kibibyte filter (Clisby et al. , 2000 online ) laid on top of the question paper as it was printed on white paper. Thi s allowed the student to be able to read and attend the questions that he needed to answer to gain a 70% pass mark for the exams that were taken on that day. To become an effective and professional teacher / tutor you need to review all your learners? needs in some(prenominal) the learning environment. 2. 3 To evaluate your own responsibilities with other professionals you must be able to understand what other professionals do as a profession.As a teacher / tutor you will have a professional relationship with differing types of professionals. School Governing Body, Support Staff and at those others within the local authority that support them. The larger professional bodies associated with the teaching profession are NUT (National Union of Teachers), ATL (Association of Teachers and Lecturers) and the NAHT (National Association of Head Teachers). To evaluate my own responsibilities with other professional bodies that are associated with my profession in this case would include, RT ITB (Road Transport persistence Training Board).Within this body as a qualified FLT Instructor (Fork muster up Truck Instructor) I have responsibilities to both my students and to the training manager. These are to ensure the course is conducted the correct time frame, e. g. a Counterbalance Fork summit course with a ratio of 3-1 it would be completed in 5 days with each day consisting of 8 hours training per day. DSA (Driver Standards Agency) within this professional body I am a qualified LGV (Large Goods Vehicle) impulsive Instructor the responsibilities that affect me are to ensure that when the vehicle is presented for a driving tryout that it is fit for purpose.The vehicle has to be of a set standard e. g. it must have eight forward gears, ABS brakes (Anti-Lock Brakes) seatbelts fitted for both the driver and the inspector (DSA 2012 online). I have further responsibilities when conducting courses for drivers in the carriage of dangerous goods. The SQA (Scottish Qualificat ions Association) are the governing body for the control of the examinations and the syllabus that is to be taught to the students. There are set times and criteria set out by the SQA for the conduct of the course and the set times allocated to each training module. Ass2. V1 To summarise there are many legal issues that can constrain the duties of a teacher / tutor, e. g. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and The Data Protection Act 2008. We must remember that although certain people will say that they invalid you from doing your job, they are there to protect you and the students. There are many boundaries that are set out to protect students and teacher / tutor. You are in a profession that is seen in the public eye as a good profession to be a part of.To keep yourself as a professional you should always act in a professional manner. honesty and integrity go a long way in this profession. References Henley, J. (2009) logy boundaries for teachers? online Available from http//ww w. guardian. co. uk/education/2009/sep/23/teacher-pupil-sexual-relationship (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today A Practical Guide. Fourth Edition. Cheltenham Nelson Thornes Briggs, ARJ. and Sommefeldt, D. Managing Effective Learning and Teaching, London Paul Chapman PublishingClisby C, Fowler MS, Hebb GS, Walters J, Southcott P & Stein JF(2000) Outcome of treatment of visual problems in children with reading difficulties, Professional Association of Teachers in Special Situations (PATOSS) Bulletin Nov. 2000, 914. online Available from http//www. dyslexic. org. uk/docs/Visual%20Problems%20-02-11-18. pdf (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Driving Standards Agency (2012) Minimum Test Vehicle Requirements? online Available from http//www. direct. gov. uk/en/ move/DriverLicensing/CaravansTrailersCommercialVehi cles/DG_4022527) (accessed on 20. 9. 2012) 4

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Competition in video game consoles Essay

Competition in boob tube stake Consoles The State of the Battle for Supremacy in 2008 1. What be the strategy-shaping commerce and economic characteristics of the storage locker segment of the boob tube naughty pains? What is the intentness give cargon? 1-1 Segmentation The industriousness was segmented into cabinet hardw atomic number 18, solace bundle program ( twain changes and rentals), handheld hardwargon, handheld computer parcel (both sales and rentals), PC softwargon (both sales and rentals), broadband, interactive TV, and brisk send fors. 1-2 Market SizeTable 1 Size of the Global characterization Games Markets, by Sector, 2000, 2003, and 2005, with Projections for 2010 ($ in millions) 2000 2003 2005 2010 Console hardw ar $ 4,791 $6,047 $3,894 $5,771 Console Softw be (both sales and rentals) 9,451 16,449 13,055 17,164 Handheld hardware 1,945 1,501 3,855 1,715 Handheld computer bundle(both sales and rentals) 2,872 2,238 4,829 3,113 PC software (both sales and rentals) 5,077 3,806 4,313 2,955 Broadband 70 497 1,944 6,352 Interactive TV 81 249 786 3,037 Mobile ph one and only(a)s 65 587 2,572 11,186 24,352 31,370 35,248 51,292.Source Informa Telecoms & Media, Games Market to Score capacious in 2007, press release, October 24, 2005, and Games Industry Boom Continues, press release July 24, 2003, both at www. informamedia. com (accessed September 8, 2006). As we shtup see the table above, the market size has grown from $24. 352 billion in 2000 to $51. 292 billion in 2010. In overbold(prenominal) words, the photograph crippled market be watch overs bigger and bigger. 1-3 Market harvest-festival rate Table 2 Compounded Annual Growth distance For the Video Game Industry 2000 2005 and 2005 2010 (projected) CAGR (2000-2005) CAGR (2005-2010) Console Hardware -4. 1% 8. 2%.Console Software (both sales & rentals) 6. 7% 5. 6% Handheld hardware 14. 7% -14. 96% Handheld software (both sales & rentals) 10. 95% -8. 4% PC software (both sales & rentals) -3. 2% -7. 3% Broadband 94. 4% 26. 7% Interactive TV 57. 5% 31. 04% Mobile Phone 108. 7% 34. 2% Total 7. 7% 7. 8% CAGR is compound annual growth rate. The formula is(VtnVt0)1tn-t0-1. V (t0) start value, V (tn) finish value, tn ? t0 number of years. The poem above are calculated from table 1. 1-4 Entry/Exit barriers The tercet existing companies are one of the origination barriers of different possible companies that would same(p) to enter this market.Video zippy industry wishs wide hood to invest on research and education department. Also, the entrants pick up to recruit unspoilt engineers and other talent staff to develop the proceedss and make efficient trade strategies. Combinations of all the entry elements, the entry barriers level is high for the perspective entrants.However, the software learning is easier to enter this market than the hardware part. Potential entrants scarcely need to focus on the software for the existing companies h ardware products. This will conduct less greet than develop entire hardware and software. 1-5 Scope of rivalry.Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft are the trinity main companies in the television receiver biz industry. Before 2001, on that point was one to a greater extent than competitor, Sega, in the market. It tried to compete with Nintendo and Sony but it fin accessory was step forward of the industry in 2001.After 2001, depiction farinaceous industry has entered juvenile war. Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft compete with each other by gaining sales and stir magnitude installed metrical foot. Play Station 2 from Sony has signifi brush asidet unit sold in $299 each however, its newest propagation, Play Station 3 has non successful break throughgrowth in the market. Play Station 3 was beaten by Xbox and Wii which are from Microsoft and Nintendo respectively.As the result, Nintendo and Microsoft were substitute Sony to compete the leadership position in recent year. In addition, the retails which those three main companies sold their products in are in the price ambition. Furthermore, console technology, online gaming, and mobile gaming has gradually transportd the belligerent situation. The dramatic technologies become important for the competitory companies to develop new generation console. Also, game software enter new world which the internet is common, so the online game is on the bowel movement that is expected to continue to increase in market. accord to the mobile phone using tribe increasing, the games are installed in the mobile phone are in the increasing trend also. In short, the picture show game industry rivalry has become fierce. 1-6 Scale economies fit in to offer the entire console hardware, a company cannot manufacture all components by itself. Therefore, Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo would like to produce large amount of console hardware to constrict the greets. They choose to ally with IBM, maker of GPUs or Intel to get components to assemble their console.Beca practice those ally companies need to offer not only one buyer, they can produce large volume for the buyers. Thus, the price would be reduced by huge amount of production. Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo can through this way to reduce the production approach and occur the economy scale. 1-7 Consumer characteristic.There are 300 million population dissembleed icon games which include console system, handheld devices, and mobile phone all over the world in 2008. Most of them are preteens, teenagers, and unripened adult who are between 20 and 40 year-old. In 2005, the second-rate age of players is 33 in US and there are 25% of gamers who were over 50.In addition, there are 31% of all gamers are under 18 and there are 44% of players were 1 to 49 year-old in 2005. Moreover, there is 62% of players are males. 2. What is contestation like in the icon game system industry? Which of the five competitive military strengths is robuste st? Which is weakest? What competitive bosoms seem to stick out the greatest effect on industry attractor and the potential pro jeer cogency of new entrants?2-1 * The business dealing power and leverage of buyersa __weak_______ competitive force First of all, retailers almost do not postulate bargain power beca put on they only can buy the products in those three companies.A retailer cannot buy the product from other companies and they whitethorn need to sell more than one brand to attract different customers taste. Therefore, they only hit low bargain power. * The bargaining power and leverage of suppliersa ____moderate_____ competitive force Although it is easy for video game companies, such(prenominal) as Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo, to switch the suppliers, the large suppler tranquil contain bargain power. The bargain powers come from special technology, unique parts, and risk of prime(a) control. The small suppliers cannot guarantee the quality of products.Moreover, if those video game companies require unique components, then the suppliers may cave in bigger power to bargain. In short, the hardware component suppliers accept bargain power but the video game companies cod ability to transport suppliers also although it is not very easy.In addition, video game software suppliers are in the different situation which compares with hardware suppliers. Software suppliers may withdraw bargain power if they make a very marvelous game or they can bargain for the sales of hardware volume. If the sales of hardware console are not good, the software companies may not be willing to produce the software games.However, those video game companies have abilities to produce the software. They can publish their own game software. Therefore, software suppliers may not have bargain power as strong as hardware suppliers. In short, integrate hardware and software suppliers competitive forces. Suppliers have moderate bargaining power. * Competition from subst itutesa __weak to moderate______ competitive force Video game is for mess to spend their leisure time. Except video games, people can do outdoor activities, board games, watching TV, seeing movies etc. for their free time.Those activities may not instead of the feeling of playing video games but this depends on how video game players like to play video game. According to the data, video game enthusiasts can spend 6 hours per calendar week to play video games. Therefore, those people usually do not do other activities in their free time. In short, there is no activities entirely the said(prenominal) with video game but there are still other things that players can do to instead video game. Thus, the substitute force is low to moderate. * Threat of entrya __weak_______ competitive force.Due to the entry barriers, it is not easy to enter this industry. The requirements of entry are high. In fellowship to enter video game industry, entrants need to invest large groovy and possess enough technologic skills to compete with the existing companies. Furthermore, the existing companies have high ability to stay in the industry and have strong competitive products to threaten new entrants. Consequently, the threat of new entry has weak competitive force. * Rivalry among competing video game console manufacturersa __Strong_______ competitive force There is strong rivalry within the industry.As we can see, Sega was coerce to withdraw from the industry in 2001. The existing three companies have started competing with each other keenly. They continue to develop their products, to compete sales volumes and price. As huge as one of them does not pay help to each other action, they may lose a lot. Therefore, the competing within video game console producers is strong. 2-2 The strongest competitive force is rivalry among competing video game console producers. The weakest competitive force is threat of entry. The competition from substitute is the greatest effect on i ndustry.Because there are no substitutes which can provide totally the same experience for consumers, this is the greatest attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants. 3. How is the video game system industry changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those driving forces individually or collectively change competition in the industry? Driving forces will include * Product mental home The development of software and hardware of console is an important driver to advertize the industry to change. New technologies can attract individual buyers to purchase.The enthusiastic consumers may hope to obtain newest games, so they may be easy to change their favorites. Also, new development can force other producers to mitigate their products. A new asylum product can be success in the industry. therefore, it may give haul to other competitors to improve their products. Therefore, product innovation is a driver of change. * Emergence of new video game devices The new video game devices are a driver to let the producers to change their products because new devices may improve the products and may be a sparkle of consumers willing to buy.When a new device comes out, a producer does not catch up the trend and then it may be kicked out the market. Moreover, a new device may become a trend in the industry and may trigger a new competition war. * Emergence of internet- sternd video games Internet-based video games allow multiplayers at the same time. Also, the players may change their get pattern. Internet is convenience for the consumers to purchase new games and has accompanies to play games device so it will enhance the products become more splendid and convenience to possess. Therefore, internet-bas video games become a trend in the industry.The study players of industry have started to develop their products to allow users to player through wireless networking. Therefore, the producers are making change to fit the consu mers new using and purchasing pattern. * The buyer characteristics The players characteristics are gradually change. There are more raw adults and female to become players. This trend attracts the producers to consider the buyers age and gender. They have started to bearing the console and games to match those buyer segment needs. For example, the goal of Wii is even mum can know how to play it.Therefore, the consumers segment change can allude the industry trend and crowd together the major industry players to change the invention to feed the different segment of players. * The aspect of lodge The aspect of society is change in this decade. Parents are willing to accompany their kids to play video games. They think some video games can let people to use their brains to think and some video games can help people to do exercises. For example, some games may use particular barriers that push players to figure out what element they need for enter the other stages.Moreover, galo re(postnominal) sport games of Wii are required users to move their body. Thus, many people think that video games do not only require users to stick in front of the screens and vindicatory move the fingers but also require users to operate their brains and move their bodies. Therefore, many video game console producers have started to change their design to fit more potential customers needs. 4. What does your strategic group map of the video game industry (all segments) look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? Types of Video Game Suppliers/Distribution Channels. strategical Group Map of the Video Game Industry arcades Machine Arcade operators Home PC game suppliers Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo Home PCs Video Game Consoles several(prenominal) online game site MSN game zoneetc. Online Video Game Sites Low Medium High Cost to Players of Video Games Arcade operators can distribute for the arcade work and little part for home PC use . Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo produce games that can be use on home PC, video game consoles and online games. The online video game supplier may distribute the games to online use and may have little part for video game console use.Arcade game costs players very little. Sometimes it just cost few coins to play and players do not need to buy the machine back to homes. Home PC game players have to buy PC and they just can play the games or they may need to go to some Internet bars. Therefore, the cost is highest. Video game console cost players around $100 to $400 to purchase a hardware console. For the online video game sites, they may just cost few dollars from players to download the games. 5. What identify factors determine the success for video game console producers?Factors that are essential for competitive success in the console segment of the video game industry include * Large installed base While the installed base is acquire more and more, the producer company could be profit from the increasing installed base if the producer develops its internal game capabilities. Nintendo and Microsoft have this strategy. Nintendo has published many prevalent games and those software ope judge profit margins contribute around 35% to 40 % of Nintendos profitability.Also, self-employed person game publishers also benefit from the large installed base because they can have increasing continuous sales. * Technological capabilities According to the progress of technologies, every industry players are eager to develop the new products that the new technologies ameliorate them. This is because consumers have required more and more functions and quality of the products.They want high definition, easy to use etc from the products therefore, every producer is entering the expert capabilities war. The scientific abilities can help producers offer dampen products to attract customers to purchase. * Partnerships with nonparasitic software developers.Those software de velopers are important for the hardware game console producers because there is no fun without game software. Many players have must have list. This is just like the fashion world. People who pay attention on fashion trend know what should be had. Thus, must have list is the fashion trend in the video game industry. Therefore, partnerships with independent software developers are one of key factor that can push the video game console producer to succeed. Those partners can develop the universal software to urge the sales of video game console producers.* pleasing development and production costs The price of the console should be intelligent for consumers. If the price is too high, the product may be like PS3 to snitch in the market. Because Sony spent a lot on developing the better technologic component for PS3, it priced PS3 in $499 and $599 each to charge customers. However, the new design of PS3 did not completion yet at the launched time because PS3 had only 24 PS3 game t itle can backward compatible with PlayStation and PS2. The development of PS3 is not bankable and blue-ray technology was too expensive.Therefore, the incompletion development and high production costs are transferred to consumers. The result is PS3 fail. In short, acceptable development and production costs are one of the factors can determine video game console producer will succeed or not. * Access to scattering Retailer dissemination this is the common distribution channel of hardware and software console. Those retail stores, such as Wal-Mart, Target, Best-Buy, Flyers and Amazon, have high consumers density. Due to the development of internet use, online retailers become customary and contain powerful sales.Online download Because of internet-base becomes a trend, many console producers have developed the online gaming. Hence, internet becomes a potential way to distribute the online game products. Product variety Some video game producers have variety products. For example Nintendo produces hardware console and software console game. The software console game cannot only use in Wii but also can use in PC, PS2, or other hardware console. Thus, as a software game publisher, Nintendo access to more than one distribution for its software game.In short, how to access to more distribution is also one successful factor of video game console producers. 6. Which console makers seem to be best able to perform the industrys key success factors and other measures of competitive strength? What ratings do Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo merit in a competitive strength assessment? ImportanceWeight SonyStrength military rank SonyStrengthScore MicrosoftStrength Rating Microsoft StrengthScore NintendoStrengthRating NintendoStrengthScore Large installed base 0. 25 7 1. 75 6 1. 50 9 2. 25.Technologicalcapabilities 0 . 15 9 1. 35 9 1. 35 7 1.05 Partnership with independent software developer 0. 15 8 1. 20 8 1. 20 8 1. 20 Acceptable development and production costs 0. 25 6 1. 50 7 1. 75 8 2. 00 Access to distribution 0. 20 8 1. 60 8 1. 60 9 1. 80 Sum 1. 00 7. 4 7. 4 8. 3 (Rating Scale 1=very weak 10=very strong) frequent speaking, Sony with PS2 has performance very well in the industry. However, Xbox had beaten Sonys PS3. Then Nintendos Wii has very strong performance to become industry leader. Thus, Nintendo seems to have best performance in the industry. The table above shows the ratings and scores of Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo.Sony and Microsoft have the same score, 7. 4 and Nintendo has higher score, 8. 3. Although Nintendo do not have strong technological capabilities, it has powerful marketing strategic and variety products to access more distribution. Its product can reach more population to use and weaker technological capabilities become its strength to increase the sales volume. Therefore, I gave rating 8 for the acceptable development and production costs which is higher than Sony and Microsoft. Therefore, the overall rating of Nint endo shows that it has best performance in the industry. 7.What commendations would you make to Microsoft to win the next generation battle in the video game console industry? to Sony? to Nintendo? Microsoft According to the revenue data, we can see Microsoft has less revenue than Sony and Nintendo. Also the sale unit of Microsoft products are not as mane as Sony and Nintendo. Therefore, I recommend that Microsoft should increase sale volume of its products. Xbox may be popular in America but how about Asia? Asia is a potential place to increase the sale. Therefore, Microsoft may need to create the new generation product can fit more population taste.Sony Sony should remember the lesson of launching PS3. Although it had pressure to launch PS3 earlier, the product was not ready yet to public. This situation can drag more profit down than launching PS3 later. Therefore, I recommend that Sony should make the marketing plan well and prepare more than one back up plan to face the rivals new products. Sony should have ability to predict or estimate actions of competitors. Nintendo Nintendo has strong performance of its Wii. Wii is design to reach more population so the key features of Wii are not as strong as Sony Play Station and Microsoft Xbox.Now, Wii has been successful to reach more population, and then I will recommend that Nintendo should figure out how to improve its technological abilities. The consumers cannot be always satisfied with the simple designs. Moreover, Nintendo has famous software game such as Mario pals. The game is many people puerility memories. Nintendo could make serial products for the special anniversary of Mario Brothers. Many people would like to collect the serial products, such as the first generation Mario Brother game. This is Nintendos strength and Nintendo should use it.